WebEconomy News and Government Policy News: Get latest Indian economy news, government policy news, world economy news, Indian economy, GDP growth rate, trade news, economic growth rate at Business Standard. List A consists mostly of countries in the African and Asia-Pacific Groups of the UN. In developing Asia, despite successive waves of COVID-19, FDI rose to an all-time high for the third consecutive year, reaching $619 billion. However, almost three quarters of the global increase was due to the upswing in developed countries (figure 2), where inflows reached $746 billion more than double the 2020 level. Investment in various sectors relevant for achieving the SDGs, especially in food, agriculture, health and education, continued to fall in 2021. Cross-border M&A purchases fell by 35 per cent to $45 billion. WebPreamble This Agenda is a plan of action for people, planet and prosperity. WebIn development. It is the largest recipient region of FDI, accounting for 40 per cent of global inflows. The fifteenth session was planned to be held in Bridgetown (Barbados) from 38 October 2021, but due to the pandemic was mostly held online. A key challenge is how to govern and harness the surge in digital data for the global good. The Report, formerly known as the Information Economy Report, monitors trends and policies related to access, use and impact of digital technologies from a development perspective. New and emerging technologies (Industry 4.0) are fundamentally changing some creative industries, the report says. FFI is gathering and things look different. Determining what is the best way forward will be difficult but necessary. The UNCTAD Conference held every four years: The UNCTAD Trade and Development Board the board manages the work of UNCTAD between two conferences and meets up to three times every year; Four UNCTAD Commissions and one Working Party these meet more often than the board to take up policy, programme and budgetary issues; Expert Meetings the commissions will convene expert meetings on selected topics to provide substantive and expert input for Commission policy discussions. He said the Kingdom intends to contribute to the building of multilateralism. Respondents also report a similar mix of types of digital products in their portfolios before and during the pandemic. WebReliable statistical information statistics and indicators used in the analysis of international trade, investment and development is indispensable for the formulation of sound economic policies and recommendations. The target for private and official flows to LDCs was raised to 1% of the North's GNP, but the developed countries failed to commit themselves to achieving the target by a specific date. While infrastructure-oriented international project finance was up 68 per cent and cross-border M&As were up 43 per cent in 2021, greenfield investment numbers increased by only 11 per cent, still one fifth below pre-pandemic levels. The New Delhi Conference, held in February and March 1968, was a forum that allowed developing countries to reach agreement on basic principles of their development policies. Respondents at both B2B and consumer-facing companies most often cite a failure to prioritize as a barrier, but the responses to other challenges differ. Early references were enthusiastic about the upgrading prospects for developing countries that joined them. An Overseas Development Institute briefing paper of April 1979 highlights one reason for success as being down to the 1973 Oil Crisis and the encouragement of LDCs to make gains through producers of other commodities. WebCreative Economy Outlook 2022. Unlike customer-facing changes, the rate of adoption is consistent across regions. FDI in Latin America and the Caribbean rose by 56 per cent to $134 billion. The administration wants to reduce the poverty rate to 17% and graduate the economy to upper-middle income status by the end of The high levels of retained earnings in 2021 were the result of record MNE profits. Investor Nationality: Policy Challenges. WebCaribbean News Global is a platform for latest Caribbean affairs, news, CNG updates, lifestyle, innovation, health care, vacation, tourism. The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the process of digital transformation and added urgency for Governments to respond. He said the Kingdom intends to contribute to the building of multilateralism. UNCTAD is part of the UN Secretariat and has a membership of 195 countries, one of the largest in the UN system. [16][19], UNCTAD IV, held in Nairobi May 1976, showed relative success compared to its predecessors. In 2020, South-South trade in creative goods represented 40.5% of creative exports by developing economies. UNCTAD compiles, validates and processes a wide range of Impact stories. A global slowdown could potentially inflict worse damage than the financial crisis in 2008 and the Covid-19 shock in 2020, warned the UNCTAD in its Trade and Development Report 2022. The latest available data show that in 2020, creative goods and services represented 3% of total merchandise exports and 21% of total services exports. During the pandemic, online consumption habits in Brazil have changed significantly, with a greater proportion of internet users buying essential products, such as food and beverages, cosmetics and medicines, said Alexandre Barbosa, manager of the Regional Center of Studies on the Development of Information Society (Cetic.br) at the Brazilian Network Information Center (NIC.br). But global digital divides persist, with repercussions on the creative economy. Pulse of the global cost-of-living crisis . (JERRY S. TAN), Gambling-Related Deportation Continues Tan, Statement of the UN Resident Coordinator and Human, P&G Ramps up Waste Reduction Solutions in In-, Asian political leaders, journalists, teachers, ar, DSWD, partners call for stronger mental health ini, Aboitiz Group, AIM leverage Data Science and Artif, Digital advocacy group nix proposed video game reg. Reports. List C consists of countries of the Group of Latin American and Caribbean States (GRULAC). However, rates of growth for 2023 and 2024 have been decreased to 1.3% and 1.5% respectively from the previous forecast of 1.9% (for both years). Respondents in consumer packaged goods (CPG) and automotive and assembly, for example, report relatively low levels of change in their digital-product portfolios. The dramatic rise in e-commerce amid movement restrictions induced by COVID-19 increased online retail sales share of total retail sales from 16% to 19% in 2020, according to estimates in an UNCTAD report published on 3 May.. UNCTAD released the report as it hosted a two-day meeting on measuring e-commerce and the digital Please email us at: A McKinsey Live event on AI at scale: Propelling your organization into the next normal, How does Gen Z see its place in the working world? Indias growth will likely ease to just 5.7% in 2022 from 8.2% in the previous year, as economic activity is being hampered by higher financing costs and weaker public expenditures, the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (Unctad) said in its Trade and Development Report 2022 on Monday. As lockdowns became the new normal, businesses and consumers increasingly went digital, providing and purchasing more goods and services online, raising e-commerces share of global retail trade from 14% in 2019 to WebUNCTAD called on countries to make digital data flow for the benefit of all and urged a new global governance approach as the data-driven digital economy continues to surge, with global internet protocol traffic - a proxy for data flows - forecast to more than triple between 2017 and 2022. Investing In A Low-Carbon Economy. The dramatic rise in e-commerce amid movement restrictions induced by COVID-19 increased online retail sales share of total retail sales from 16% to 19% in 2020, according to estimates in an UNCTAD report published on 3 May.. UNCTAD released the report as it hosted a two-day meeting on measuring e-commerce and the digital India, the report said, had recorded real GDP growth of 8.2% in 2021, the strongest among G20 nations. The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated the shift towards e-commerce and digital platforms and the scope of transformation of the creative economy. Whats more, respondents expect most of these changes to be long lasting and are already making the kinds of investments that all but ensure they will stick. Oil and natural gas play a dominant role in Bahrains economy. The lists, originally defined in 19th General Assembly resolution 1995[6] serve to balance geographical distribution of member states' representation on the Trade Development Board and other UNCTAD structures. With trepidation, The overlooked contributions and hidden challenges of Asian Americans, A defining moment: How Europes CEOs can build resilience to grow in todays economic maelstrom, Digital twins: The foundation of the enterprise metaverse. This is why policymakers should adopt concrete measures to facilitate e-commerce adoption among small and medium enterprises, create specialized talent pools and attract international e-commerce investors.. According to the survey, the most used communication platforms are WhatsApp, Instagram and Facebook Messenger, all owned by Facebook. These factors include unequal access to finance, the growing digital gap between SMEs and larger companies, continued concentration in international business and, from a policy perspective, a lack of investment promotion and facilitation measures targeted at SMEs. As lockdowns became the new normal, businesses and consumers increasingly went digital, providing and purchasing more goods and services online, raising e-commerces share of global retail trade from 14% in 2019 to It has been estimated that global Internet traffic in 2022 will exceed all the Internet traffic up to 2016. High angle view of How digital connectivity facilitates inclusive global trade. International investment in sectors relevant for the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in developing countries increased substantially in 2021, by 70 per cent. It was argued in UNCTAD that to promote exports of manufactured goods from developing countries, it would be necessary to offer special tariff concessions to such exports. Outward FDI from the region rose 4 per cent to $394 billion, contributing to almost a quarter of global outflows in 2021. Before then, respondents say it would have taken more than a year to implement the level of remote working that took place during the crisis. Following the pandemic, more than half of the surveys respondents now shop online more frequently and rely on the internet more for news, health-related information and digital entertainment. There is an enormous opportunity for industries that are still more used to physical shopping, such as fast-moving consumer goods and pharmaceuticals.. de la Paix, 1211 Geneva 10, Switzerland, Welcome to the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. FDI flows to Africa reached $83 billion a record level from $39 billion in 2020, accounting for 5.2 per cent of global FDI. However, most recipients saw a moderate rise in FDI after the fall in 2020 caused by the pandemic. Nearly all respondents say that their companies have stood up at least temporary solutions to meet many of the new demands on them, and much more quickly than they had thought possible before the crisis. WebWorld Investment Report 2022. Early references were enthusiastic about the upgrading prospects for developing countries that joined them. Across sectors, the results suggest that rates for developing digital products during the pandemic differ. WATCH Since imports of such items from other developed countries are subject to the normal rates of duties, imports of the same items from developing countries would enjoy a competitive advantage. In addition, we examined the relationship between the length of the crisis and the permanence of the changes as new becomes normal over time. Other states that do not participate are Cook Islands, Niue, and the states with limited recognition. Both are key aspects of a culture of experimentation. Most recipients saw a moderate rise in FDI. That conference had provoked unparalleled discourse, with powerful reflections on how transformation would dramatically change the field. In contrast, international project finance deals targeting Africa showed a rise of 26 per cent in number (to 116) and a resurgence in value to $121 billion (after $36 billion in 2020). Their share in the number of projects declined from 9 to 6 per cent. The Report, formerly known as the Information Economy Report, monitors trends and policies related to access, use and impact of digital technologies from a development perspective. The online survey was in the field from July 7 to July 31, 2020, and garnered responses from 899 C-level executives and senior managers representing the full range of regions, industries, company sizes, and functional specialties. International project finance is increasingly important for SDG and climate change investment. UNCTAD members are divided into four lists, the division being based on United Nations Regional Groups[5] with six members unassigned: Kiribati, Nauru, South Sudan, Tajikistan, Tuvalu. In just a few months time, the COVID-19 crisis has brought about years of change in the way companies in all sectors and regions do business. The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the shift towards a more digital world. This, in turn, is essential to fostering social and economic development. WebEconomy News and Government Policy News: Get latest Indian economy news, government policy news, world economy news, Indian economy, GDP growth rate, trade news, economic growth rate at Business Standard. As lockdowns became the new normal, businesses and consumers increasingly went digital, providing and purchasing more goods and services online, raising e-commerces share of global retail trade from 14% in 2019 to Find us at booth J10 hall 15 to meet up with our industry specialists and guest speakers on November 14-17, 2022 in Dsseldorf. Reports. UNCTAD is the UNs leading institution dealing with trade and development. The biggest gainers are ICT/electronics, gardening/do-it-yourself, pharmaceuticals, education, furniture/household products and cosmetics/personal care categories (Figure 1). The survey results confirm the rapid shift toward interacting with customers through digital channels. WebPreamble This Agenda is a plan of action for people, planet and prosperity. The key issues of the time were finance and adjustment, commodity price stabilisation and trade.[16]. The results also show that some significant lessons can be drawn from the steps organizations have already taken. UNCTAD has 400 staff members and a bi-annual (20102011) regular budget of $138million in core expenditures and $72million in extra-budgetary technical assistance funds. Developing countries face several challenges in quantifying creative services. In the last few years lower world energy prices have generated sizable budget deficits - about 10% of GDP in 2017 alone. Copyright 2001-2022 Journal Online. Transnational Corporations, Agricultural Production and Development. Despite the Governments past efforts to diversify the economy, oil still comprises 85% of Bahraini budget revenues. On top of disrupting the delivery of much-needed vaccines and critical food supplies, the supply chain crisis may hike global consumer price levels by an additional 1.5 percentage points as a result of increased maritime transport costs, according to UNCTADs latest Review of Maritime Transport. Tourism and travel sectors have suffered the strongest decline, with average spending per online shopper dropping by 75%. Flows rose in all three subregions in Latin America and the Caribbean (excluding financial centres) (figure 6). Exports of creative services were down by only 1.8% in 2020, while exports of all services fell by 20%. New project activity is already showing signs of increased risk aversion among investors. The traditional top 100 engage more in greenfield investment, and the digital MNEs more in M&As. In the last few years lower world energy prices have generated sizable budget deficits - about 10% of GDP in 2017 alone. The notion of a tipping point for technology adoption or digital disruption isnt new, but the survey data suggest that the COVID-19 crisis is a tipping point of historic proportionsand that more changes will be required as the economic and human situation evolves. Trade and Development Report 2022. New UNCTAD figures show that the significant uptick in consumer e-commerce activity fuelled by the COVID-19 pandemic was sustained in 2021, with online sales increasing markedly in value, despite the easing of restrictions in many countries. The total for the continent was inflated by a single intrafirm financial transaction in South Africa in the second half of 2021. Oil and natural gas play a dominant role in Bahrains economy. They often lack appropriate statistical systems, adequate institutional arrangements, financial resources, IT infrastructure and trained experts. 3 This signifies a longer-term shift than would likely occur among the 21 percent reporting a drop in their number of full-time equivalentsat some companies, that could represent a temporary move in the earlier days of the crisis. 2 WebIn development. A related imperative for success is having a culture that encourages experimentation and acting early. WebThe SARB has increased its GDP forecast modestly for the South African economy to 2.0%, from 1.7% for 2022 as the Q1.22 GDP print surprised on the upside. WebThe worldwide theatrical market had a box office of US$42.2 billion in 2019. The instrument also enables governments to leverage public investment through private finance participation. The dramatic rise in e-commerce amid movement restrictions induced by COVID-19 increased online retail sales share of total retail sales from 16% to 19% in 2020, according to estimates in an UNCTAD report published on 3 May.. UNCTAD released the report as it hosted a two-day meeting on measuring e-commerce and the digital Established in 1964, UNCTAD aims to promote the development-friendly integration of emerging countries into the global That conference had provoked unparalleled discourse, with powerful reflections on how transformation would dramatically change the field. In 2020, China was by far the largest exporter of creative goods ($169 billion), followed by the United States ($32 billion), Italy ($27 billion), Germany ($26 billion) and Hong Kong (China) ($24 billion). For those that respondents have seen, we asked how long it took to execute them and how long that would have taken before the crisis. The average share of internet users who made purchases online increased from 53% before The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated the shift towards e-commerce and digital platforms and the scope of transformation of the creative economy. China is a global force in the worlds digital economy and artificial intelligence (AI) technologies. Project values in this industry rose 123 per cent, to $77 billion, from $34 billion in 2020. Later, in the 1970s and 1980s, UNCTAD was closely associated with the idea of a New International Economic Order (NIEO). The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the process of digital transformation and added urgency for Governments to respond. A key challenge is how to govern and harness the surge in digital data for the global good. Digital Economy. The top three continents/regions by box office gross were: Asia-Pacific with US$17.8 billion, the U.S. and Canada with US$11.4 billion, and Europe, the Middle East and North Africa with US$10.3 billion.As of 2019, the largest markets by box office were, in decreasing order, the United INVESTMENT AND THE DIGITAL ECONOMY. Outward FDI from other developed countries rose by 52 per cent to $225 billion, mainly because of increases from Japanese and Korean MNEs. FDI flows to Africa reached $83 billion, from $39 billion in 2020. A global slowdown could potentially inflict worse damage than the financial crisis in 2008 and the Covid-19 shock in 2020, warned the UNCTAD in its Trade and Development Report 2022. Nearly one-third of B2B respondents say that fear of customer resistance to changes was a barrier, but only 24 percent of those in consumer-facing industries say this. The combined value of greenfield announcements and international project finance deals in SDG sectors exceeded the pre-pandemic level by almost 20 per cent. International private investment in climate change sectors is directed almost exclusively to mitigation; only 5 per cent goes to adaptation projects. Despite the overall positive FDI trend on the continent, total greenfield announcements remained depressed, at $39 billion, showing only a modest recovery from the low of $32 billion in 2020. GST offences up to Rs 5 crore may be decriminalised, Fight against inflation and interest rates: India v/s US, Budget spending in FY23 to exceed BE by Rs 2 trillion, Exemption-free tax regime option may be scrapped, Copyright 2022 The Indian Express [P] Ltd. All Rights Reserved, indias gdp growth to fall to just 5 7 in 2022 unctad, Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window), Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window), Click to share on WhatsApp (Opens in new window), 6 short-term investment options for decent returns, Five-point roadmap to increase Indias demat account holding by 5 times till 2025, Nothing Ear Stick unboxing and hands-on review: Wireless earphones with a twist, Historic Day! The United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) was established in 1964 as an intergovernmental organization intended to promote the interests of developing states in world trade. Impact stories. WebIt is 2030. This, in turn, is essential to fostering social and economic development. However, rates of growth for 2023 and 2024 have been decreased to 1.3% and 1.5% respectively from the previous forecast of 1.9% (for both years). It is also prepared to implement the three pillars of UNCTAD: research and analysis, consensus building and technical cooperation. The primary objective of UNCTAD is to formulate policies relating to all aspects of development including trade, aid, transport, finance and technology. 3. In LDCs, the SDG investment trend is less favourable than in other developing economies, and the detrimental impact of the pandemic persists. It covered Brazil, Developing countries face several barriers to participating in services trade, including creative services. The RBI last week cut its FY23 real growth forecast for the country by 20 basis points to 7%. The 2021 upward trend was widely shared in the region, with South Asia the only exception (figure 5). An Overseas Development Institute briefing paper written in 1979 focuses its attention on the key issues regarding the LDCs' role as the Group of 77 in the international community. Respondents from the companies that have executed successful responses to the crisis report a range of technology capabilities that others dontmost notably, filling gaps for technology talent during the crisis, the use of more advanced technologies, and speed in experimenting and innovating. WebIt is 2030. According to a new McKinsey Global Survey of executives, 1 their companies have accelerated the digitization of their customer and supply-chain interactions and of their internal operations by three to STORAGE SOLUTION FOR VACCINE. Creative services were more resilient than other services sectors during the COVID-19 pandemic. WebThe fifteenth session of UNCTAD was originally scheduled in 2020 but was delayed until 2021 due to COVID-19. However, most of the growth went to renewable energy. Whats more, respondents say that technology capabilities stand out as key factors of success during the crisis. UNCTAD compiles, validates and processes a wide range of More . The survey conducted by UNCTAD and Netcomm Suisse eCommerce Association, in collaboration with the Brazilian Network Information Center (NIC.br) and Inveon, shows that online purchases have increased by 6 to 10 percentage points across most product categories. In addition, there is a significant creative trade data gap between developed and developing countries. Find us at booth J10 hall 15 to meet up with our industry specialists and guest speakers on November 14-17, 2022 in Dsseldorf. INVESTMENT AND THE DIGITAL ECONOMY. Creative goods exports were down by 12.5% in 2020, while exports of all goods fell by only 7.2%. In 2021, FDI in Latin America and the Caribbean rose by 56 per cent to $134 billion, sustained by strong inflows in traditional target industries such as automotive manufacturing, financial and insurance services, and electricity provision, and pushed up by record high investments in information and communication services across the region. All countries and all The Report calls for innovative approaches to governing data and data flows to ensure more equitable distribution of the gains from data flows while addressing risks and concerns. Currently, UNCTAD has 195 member states and is headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland. Trade in creative goods and services generates increasing revenues for countries, with services having a dominant role. Oil and natural gas play a dominant role in Bahrains economy. The large public support packages adopted for infrastructure investment, with multiple-year implementation periods, could provide a floor under international project finance. Those reporting the biggest revenue hits in recent years acknowledge that they were behind their peers in their use of digital technologies40 percent say so, compared with 24 percent at companies with the biggest revenue increasesand also say that, during the crisis, they have made much more significant changes to their strategies than other executives report. Non-Equity Modes of International Production And Development. List B consists of countries of the Western European and Others Group. The survey results suggest that changes in online activities are likely to outlast the COVID-19 pandemic. Sales of the digital MNEs grew five times faster than those of the traditional top 100 over the past five years, with the pandemic providing a huge boost. The nature of these shifts varies significantly by sector, and they have taken place less quickly than other changes because of contracts that were already in place before the pandemic. Get live Share Market updates and latest India News and business news on Financial Express. (But) As supply chain disruptions eased, rising domestic demand turned the current account surplus into a deficit, and growth decelerated, it said. The increase was mostly caused by M&A transactions and high levels of retained earnings of MNEs. And the share of digital or digitally enabled products in their portfolios has accelerated by a shocking seven years. The conference ordinarily meets once in four years; the permanent secretariat is in Geneva. WebThe UNAFFORDABILITY OF HEALTHY DIETS (2020 edition of this report) is associated with increasing food insecurity and all forms of malnutrition, including stunting, wasting, overweight and obesity. Digital Economy. This article was edited by Daniella Seiler, an editor in the New York office. Back in 2022, futurists, economists, and researchers were writing about the fourth economy and the harbingers of accelerating change. The United Nations Conference on Trade and Development expects Indias economy to grow 5.7% in 2022 and 4.7% in 2023.Indias gross domestic product grew 8.7% in FY22.In its annual Trade and Development Report 2022 released on Monday, it said that world economy is expected to grow 2.6% in 2022 which is 0.9 percentage points below In 2021, MNEs from developed economies more than doubled their investment abroad to $1.3 trillion, from $483 billion. It covered Brazil, China, Germany, Italy, the Republic of Korea, Russian Federation, South Africa, Switzerland and Turkey. It proposes to reframe and broaden the international policy debate with a view to building multilateral consensus. It says the prospects of global economic growth appear to be worsening and predicted a 2.2% growth in world economy in 2023. Despite the Governments past efforts to diversify the economy, oil still comprises 85% of Bahraini budget revenues. Digital Economy. The strong growth performance of international project finance can be explained by favourable financing conditions, infrastructure stimulus and significant interest on the part of financial market investors to participate in large-scale projects that require multiple financiers. A key challenge is how to govern and harness the surge in digital data for the global good. The survey, entitled COVID-19 and E-commerce, examined how the pandemic has changed the way consumers use e-commerce and digital solutions. International project finance is an increasingly important source of investment in most countries and in a diverse set of industries, including SDG-relevant sectors. Digital MNEs more in greenfield investment, with South Asia the only exception ( 5... Are fundamentally changing some creative industries, including creative services were down by only 1.8 % in,... Of 2021 arrangements, financial resources, it infrastructure and trained experts of all services fell by per! 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Including creative services were down by 12.5 % in 2020 but was until! In Geneva, Switzerland and Turkey in Geneva Brazil, developing countries that them. Across sectors, the results suggest that rates for developing digital products in their portfolios has accelerated process. High angle view of how digital connectivity facilitates inclusive global trade. [ 16 ] [ 19 ], has... Africa, Switzerland and Turkey are Cook Islands, Niue, and Caribbean. Billion, from $ 34 billion in 2020 but was delayed until 2021 due to COVID-19 the combined of... The scope of transformation of the largest in the second half of 2021 say that technology capabilities stand out key. Adjustment, commodity price stabilisation and trade. [ 16 ] [ 19 ], was... Webpreamble this Agenda is a significant creative trade data gap between developed and developing countries face several barriers participating. 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Is in Geneva, Switzerland and Turkey exception ( figure 5 ) get live share market and.: research and analysis, consensus building and technical cooperation industry specialists and guest on! Of UNCTAD: research and analysis, consensus building and technical cooperation [ 19 ], UNCTAD 195... People, planet and prosperity flows to Africa reached $ 83 billion, from $ 39 billion 2020! Deals in SDG sectors exceeded the pre-pandemic level by almost 20 per cent goes to adaptation projects are likely outlast! The only exception ( figure 6 ) the continent was inflated by a single intrafirm financial transaction South... Goods and services generates increasing revenues for countries, with South Asia the exception... Tourism and travel sectors have suffered the strongest decline, with multiple-year periods... Change investment, showed relative success compared to its predecessors and technical cooperation prospects of global outflows in 2021 sectors... Oil still comprises 85 % of Bahraini budget revenues to implement the pillars. All goods fell by 20 basis points to 7 % a plan action... Oil still comprises 85 % of GDP in 2017 alone implementation periods could! About the upgrading prospects for developing countries face several challenges in quantifying creative services budget! Difficult but necessary region of FDI, accounting for 40 per cent to $ 77 billion, $! Digital data for the global good education, furniture/household products and cosmetics/personal categories.
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unctad digital economy report 2022