values and ethics in public policy

The Centre for History in Public Health at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine invites expressions of interest from researchers who would like to give a seminar paper as part of a series focusing on morals, values, and ethics in public health (in any time period or geographic location), from historical perspectives.. Public health, meaning collective organised action to prevent . The field of ethics, along with aesthetics, concerns matters of value; these fields comprise the branch of philosophy called axiology.. Ethics seeks to resolve questions of human morality by defining concepts such as good and evil, right and . First, it is a relatively new field that combines public health and practical ethics. How to unmask the rigid, zero-sum game framing of values to get to a cooperative place where the actual, values merits of issues can be discussed rationally. Students probe the history of nuclear weapons and the concept of deterrence. Would any students like to report their conversations back to the class? al., Toward Responsible Use of Cognitive-Enhancing Drugs by the, Margaret Talbot, Brain Gain: The Underground World of Neuroenhancing Drugs,The, Class 5: September 22: Approaches to Moral Reasoning: International Clinical Drug Trials, David Thacher. The Casuistical Turn in Planning Ethics, The Journal of Planning Education and Research, Spring 2004, Christine Grady, Clinical Trials, Hastings Center Briefing Book, 2008, Marcia Angell, The Ethics of Clinical Research in the Third World,New England Journal, Harold Varmus and David Satcher, Ethical Complexities of Conducting Research in, Developing Countries,New England Journal of Medicine, Oct 2, 1997, Solomon R. Benatar and Peter A. How did they differ? If we can get to that level, bubbles can maybe be popped and the game could be changed for the good. It gives an idea of all the important topics for the IAS Exam and the Economy syllabus (GS-IV.). Students identify global issues, assess national priorities, and decide for themselves the role the United States should play in the world. These merits are usually defined by staff, as part of an official set of legal, procedural parameters. Franoise Baylis, How Much Vaccine to Order and Who Gets It?Globe and Mail,Aug 5. The dispute here was between an alliance of environmentalists and an adjacent farmer vs. Kenwood Investments wealthy investors and a cohort of Baylands and local hunters and farmers. University Values Statement; The Corporation; The Board of Trustees; Everyone should have the following cards: Freedom Diversity Equality Cooperation Security Justice Self-reliance Community Stability Democracy 3. Ethics embodies honesty, accountability, integrity, empathy and just knowing the difference between what is right and what is wrong. Doing things the right way, every day - even when it's hard and no one is looking - is at the core of what we do. politics and public policy is a skill necessary to successful policy analysis and a crucial foundation for any policy career. Course Structure:Meets twice a week for 1.5 hours. Our attitudes toward our families, friends, and communities are a reflection of our personal values. 3 0 obj A consensus process of honoring differences, rather than winner take all, could lead to a feeling of win-win. Analyze how values inform perspectives on public policy. Ethics are the rules societies make to guide their individual and collective decision-making processes. Fairly distributed power and control can be gained by softer means. On a scale of harm? Monica Davey, Iowas Residency Rules Drive Sex Offenders Underground,New York Times, Unjust and Ineffective,The Economist,Aug 8, 2009, Class 17 & 18: November 5 and November 10: Liberty and Paternalism, Gerald Dworkin, Paternalism,Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Dec 20, 2005, Jim Holt, The New, Soft Paternalism,The New York Times Magazine, Dec 3, 2006, House Approves Workplace Smoking Ban,Gongwer News Service, Dec 5, 2007, A Necessary Vaccine (Editorial),New York Times, Feb 26, 2007, Selling New Yorks Proposed Obesity Tax, New York Times, Dec 30, 2008, Robert Pear, Congress Plans Incentives for Healthy Habits,New York TimesMay 9, 2009, Does a Tax on Junk Food Make Sense? No one would claim to live an entirely a-moral life or live in a society without some commonly accepted moral principles guiding its social policies. Excellence 6. Were students able to find some common ground across differently prioritized values? Modern or traditional, whoever we are, whatever culture we are imprinted into, the ground for values, morals, and beliefs is socially constructed. Public debate over projects usually amounts to a zero-sum game contest where the object is to use the process in place to win and impose one set of values over another. The public health code of ethics states values of the profession and ideals for ethical public health practice carried out by institutions through policies and programs. Unit 1: The Role of Ethics and Morality in Politics In this unit, we study ethical issues related to politics and governance. It also gives the administration guidelines for integrity in their operations. But morality does not belong solely to people with religious motivations. Sometimes, of course, we can trace the failures of public policy to failures of technologyto our inability to identify effective ways of pursuing policy goals that no one doubts are the right ones. The course seeks to develop students abilities to think reflectively and argue persuasively about the moral and ethical dimensions of politics, public policies and the careers in public affairs. But good or bad in what sense, in what respects, according to what perspectives or values? The capacity for people to have values is universal. Cm~ hHP. b&1X9,MTK H@ rT$_M^}N* hf31y([Dw5.9*[WkBXV..-g Sj$vSj?55. Values and Ethics Code for the Public Sector Describes the values and expected behaviours that guide public servants in all activities related to their professional duties. As a highly-evolved primate social species, we inherit from our group-living ancestors, a set of critical community-based behaviors that has risen to a conscious level in the form of culture. !HA {n#Y8,"']r~,XWqPL0l7YQ4U}xM$Xg\{;>b'S}Gk]Lz:$I^$#GO^#b. Daniel Hausman and Michael McPherson, Economic Analysis, Moral Philosophy, and Public Policy (2006), 118-33. {>9m| yHENRMXkoN~%BB2/r|9,>|f+{ZxcZ:fd-nO~/eGx~>=D:QlpEa+-n~mI, \iB;3!eSM} R=Em{]Nm' They examine arguments for and against nuclear weapons, and the challenges of leftover Cold War arsenals, proliferation, and the threat of nuclear terrorism. Event centers are another rural-urban land use dispute that churns up values conflicts. Inclusion, not exclusion. Ethics and Public Policy: A Philosophical Inquiry, second edition subjects important and controversial areas of public policy to philosophical scrutiny. Values in the end boil down to justifying interests and who stands to gain what and why. When strongly held values come into conflict, which are most important? I recognize that some students find it difficult to speak publicly in large classes. Nov 22nd A bid is a first step to relationship building, to make trust that could possibly bridge current values gaps and result in a more authentic and democratic public policy making process. To paraphrase William Blake, why do we both read the Bible day and night, while you read black and I read white? Decisions, choices, and actions we make that reflect and enact our values. Tom Regan and Donald VanDeVeer (1982), 217-40. Like many issues, inertial changes force society to adapt: smart phones, social media, things come in and take over and society has to adjust. Introducing public health ethics poses two special challenges. Values are a critical part of human culture. Altruism requires that love of others serves as our ethical standard. It is at the centre of our lives which act as a standard of behaviour. standard or values 7. Identify and prioritize values they hold. VALUES AND PUBLIC POLICY: THEORY AND APPLICATIONS, Class 4: September 17: Approaches to Moral Reasoning: Messing with Mother Nature, Stephen Darwall, Theories of Ethics, in Frey and Wellman,A Companion to Applied, John Rawls,A Theory of Justice, Sections 1-5, Mark S. Frankel and Cristina J. Kapustij, Enhancing Humans,Hasting Center Briefing, Henry Greeley, et. %PDF-1.5 Being modern is not somehow better, at least in terms of being able to get along and see outside your own values bubble. 8. . %PDF-1.5 Appellants and applicants routinely get ten minutes to make a presentation. The county Board of Zoning Adjustments had a recent hearing over whether to permit an expansion of the Wing and Barrel Hunt Club near Sears Point. It is designed to move policy evaluation beyond its current emphasis on efficient achievement of goals, focusing instead on the assessment of the acceptability of the goals themselves, emplo "Science, Mar 21, 2003, Bill Marsh, Putting a Price on the Priceless: One Life,New York Times, Sep 9, 2007, Office of Management and Budget, "Circular A-4," Sep 17, 2003, Peter Railton, Benefit-Cost Analysis as a Source of Information about Welfare, in, (optional) Michael Gerber and Jonathan Schwarz, From the Desk of Larry Summers,The, (optional) The Colbert Report: Priceless, (optional) Dilbert on Discounting the Future, Jul 11, 2006, Sections 1-6 (Sections 1-5 assigned earlier), Robert Nozick,Anarchy, State and Utopia, Chapter 7 (Section I), Michael Walzer,Spheres of Justice, Chapter 1. Communitarianism,Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Lawrence C. Becker, Individual Rights, in Tom Regan and Donald VanDeVeer,And, Class 11: October 13: Equality and Education, Christopher Jencks, Whom Must We Treat Equally for Educational Opportunity to be Equal?Ethics,Apr 1988, Class 12: October 15: Global Climate Change, Robert Hood, Global Warming, in Frey and Wellman (eds. These questions are not answered once and for all when nations are founded. This is a tall order. In public policy, tying enrolment numbers for specific university degrees to labour market demand for graduates with those degrees would represent a case of utilitarianism. This means adhering to core values for the safety and good of the public. endobj care and respect for self and others. These five levels have to do with reckoning harm, fairness, loyalty, purity, and respect for authority. The values at stake here have to do with Sonomas essence as a historic town. The values at stake here pitted a strange alliance of wealthy liberal investors and rural-oriented folks, who advocated property rights, tradition, heritage, and land stewardship values, against an environmental cohort that also values land stewardship and natural heritage, just in different ways. To care about public policy is to care about whether policies are good or bad. That integrity, in turn, helps foster the trust of the community. In the matter of evaluating public policy, it is very important to pay attention to the professional ethics of employees (9) (10) (11).. . Jonathan Wolff, a renowned philosopher and veteran of many public committees, introduces and assesses core problems and controversies in public policy from a philosophical standpoint. Philosophers, political scientists, policy analysts, sociologists, lawyers, and other professionals interested in ethics in government will gain insight from this book. It leaves out any attempt to say which goals public policy should try to serve in the first place. . Identifying values is a way to understand the views of others, find common ground where it exists, and work together to find ways to form policy. 2 0 obj Everyone should have the following cards: Read two values and instruct students to put these two cards in order, with the one at the top being the one they consider most important. A values inventory may bring to light just what the issues are at deeper levels and allow us as community actors to get a bit of a wider view. Our approach will be case . Why do I learn one thing around the kitchen table and you another? People who have power very seldom voluntarily give it up. Click to email this to a friend (Opens in new window), Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window), Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window). Oh my, hope springs eternal! 4 0 obj Addressed to the growing concerns about norms and values in policy assessment, this study develops a methodology for the political evaluation of public policy. Begin by posing the question, Why do people disagree on policy? to the class. <> For this, well need powerful women who are not trying to act like men in aggressive, dominance kind of ways. . I may not have everything exactly right here, but the point is to have a look and think about the roots of our values, interests, and opinions. People have to then either co-exist with the tension of different values, or fight to the end so that one set of values prevails over another. The traditional form of PA represents a system for the government, not the public. Values also play an important role in our civic life and influence our political beliefs. al. A constellation of values makes up a cultural pattern, worldview, or paradigm. All the actors have good values that they are trying to enact. Non-profits and philanthropy justify their work as a necessary, compassionate organizational/ agency-level responses to structural problems. Thus, to some exten. Ethical decision requires decision makers to prioritize important values when . The format may vary, but in general a student will be responsible for giving a ten minute presentation and answering questions from the rest of the class for several minutes following the presentations. Categories of public service values: 1. The need to unmask values in policy debates. It is generally a personal choice to uphold oneself to consistent moral and ethical standards. Actors have to be willing to work together. Adhering to a code of ethics ensures that the public receives what it needs in a fair manner. '%'A{]{ What do we believe about ourselves? Students examine the causes and effects of global warming and delve into questions of who is most responsible for and vulnerable to the changing climate. Professor Chamberlin's primary research interests are in social choice theory (representation, voting systems for multi-candidate elections) and ethics and public policy. (optional) Sally Satel, Desperately Seeking a Kidney,New York Times Magazine, Dec 16, Exploitation,Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Class 21: November 19: Professional Ethics in Public Affairs, David Luban, Professional Ethics, in Frey and Wellman (eds. What is land stewardship, for who, and why? 1 0 obj Public values should certainly be the first concern for those in such positions. (11) Value clashes are unavoidable. Its unfamiliarity requires considerable explanation, yet its scope and emergent qualities make delineation difficult. ?lVyv}^ao.q]q?+gpBc3!/>x~ =0l(WxLFN|o>a!`sQYNCajO~z[_@"#q#|0&oKqRH;R>BJ?41Q)HB%B:"|B%(S. 4 0 obj Promotion of ethics provides guidelines under which these agencies conduct their day-to-day operations thereby providing well functioning of the institutions to enhance ethical behavior or conduct of individuals working in these particular entities. June 5, 2015 This course seeks to make students sensitive to and articulate about the ways in which moral and political values come into play in the American policy process, particularly as they affect non-elected public officials who work in a world shaped by politics. They can be personal values, cultural values or corporate values. That is certainly an essential part of policy analysis, but it is important to be aware of what it leaves out. A core aspect of our social behavior is manifested in values, or morals. If we really are all in this together, lets act like it and work these values issues out by being honest about our beliefs and communicating that so we appreciate what is really at stake in our public policy decisions. First, morality is part of every human life and society. This was a rural-urban values dispute over the role of man in nature in the Baylands that then also collapsed into mutual value judgements as to who was the interfering and meddling elite party? This might be called the Dalai Lama or Nelson Mandela road of non-violent methods of societal change. ),A Companion to Applied Ethics, Michael Pritchard,Professional Integrity, Chapter 5, (optional) Paul Wolpe, Reasons Scientists Avoid Thinking about Ethics,Cell, Jun 16, 2006, American Society for Public Administration Code of Ethics, Los Angeles Ethics Handbook for City Officials, Class 23: December 1: The Ethics of Program Evaluation, Dennis Thompson,Political Ethics and Public Office, Chapter 7, Jan Blustein (and others), Toward a More Public Discussion of the Ethics of Federal Social Program Evaluation,Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, Fall 2005, Matthew Davis and John Lantos, Ethical Considerations in the Public Policy Laboratory,JAMA, Jul 5, 2000, Atul Gawande, A Life Saving Checklist,New York Times, Dec 30, 2007, (optional) American Evaluation Association Guiding Principles for Evaluators, Class 24: December 3: Professional Ethics and Bureaucratic Politics, Lloyd Etheredge, The Moral Code of the Washington Game-Player, (unpublished) Mar 1979, Mark Moore,Creating Public Value, Chapter 1, Rosemary OLeary,The Ethics of Dissent: Managing Guerilla Government, Juliet Eilperin and Carol D. Leonnig, Administration Moves to Protect Key Appointees,, Class 25: December 8: Professional Ethics and Bureaucatic Politics, Martin Wachs, Ethical Dilemmas in Forecasting for Public Policy,in Willa Bruce (ed. Public Speaking, Leaflet Distribution, and Demonstrations; Campus Events; Persona Non-Grata; Smoke-and Tobacco-Free Environment; Minors on Campus; . Where were they similar? Values and Ethics Code for the Public Sector The values and behaviours that are expected of public service employees in all activities related to their professional duties. <>>> 4. There will usually be two presentations per class and over the course of the term each student will make two presentations. We are self-aware; if we have problems with values conflict, it is on us to figure these things out. by Fred Allebach. Hard judgements get made by all parties here and the end result is non-communication and no respect, betwen people who really need to listen. Students explore the history of immigration to the United States and recent U.S. policy as they consider the complexities of the U.S. immigration debate and prepare to articulate their own views about this issue. Productive class discussions are a key to a successful course and students will be expected to participate regularly. Some of the values herein revolve around the meaning of sustainability, equity, freedom, growth, and success. #q>M=C/5#w({d(2$JqlZHFY But often the failures of public policy result from something more fundamentalfrom our inability to identify what the goals of public policy should be in the first place, or from the incomplete or inadequate ways in which we have understood them. Sound organizational ethics are crucial for responsive and successful implementation of public policy and to generate confidence in public administration. The other camp feels that Sonoma architecture is an amalgam of different period styles, and therefore Sonoma style rests in an evolutionary context, and a more modern look today is proper. They severely affect the emotional state of mind of an individual. I may not have described all these values issues just right, to everyones satisfaction, but thats the point. This baboon, Machiavelli road is one of bludgeoning power and control. Loyalty 5. OECD commissioned study on Ethics in public life defined values as ' the individual principles or standards that guide judgement about what is good or proper '. The glossary notes that ethics encompasses the following: The discipline dealing with what is good and bad and with moral duty and obligation. That all people must serve, equally and impartially. Some policies included are social policies, religious policies, medical policies, and political policies. Therefore, for all of the above reasons and more, I see the unmasking of cultural values and morals as the key to being able to understand others and to potentially solve contentious public policy issues. Event centers however, blur the lines between commercial zoning and rural ag zoning. An issue is supposed to be decided on a narrow set of official merits. The tools and concepts of economic price theory are potentially applicable to the analysis of ethical issues. Regular attendance and participation in class discussions are expected of all students. Values differences generally have to do with historical trajectories, with class, gender and racial differences, with where you live, city or country, level of education, with the role of religion and ideology in family life. Grassroots analysis of the issues sees a non-profit complicity with an exploitive power structure that does not allow for any real structural changes to happen; only crumbs get trickled down, not needed changes like higher wages and reasonable rents. Ask students in small groups of three to compare their rankings. Respect 7. On one side was municipal protection of a historic golf course that had endangered red-legged frogs in an artificial pond. At the same time, participation can take many forms, including some that occur outside of class: The course requirements include the following writing assignments: Grades will be determined using the following weights: If you believe you need an accommodation for a disability, please let me know as soon as possible. Problem solving - dealing with wicked problems in a complex world and applying technical solutions. A set of standards of conduct that guide decisions and actions based on duties derived from core values. Integrity is the quality of being honest and having strong moral principles; moral uprightness. Majority rule is winner take all. For event centers, there are current rules and regulations about ag, open space, and a value to preserving county ag traditions. People are not treated as the means to an end. You may wish to remind students that some of these words can mean different things to different people. Different takes are at stake here. Please check it if the need arises:http://www.vpcomm.umich.edu/pa/key/flu-H1N1.html, Class 1: September 8: Introduction and Overview of the Course, Benjamin Cardozo, An underlying philosophy of life, fromThe Nature of the Judicial Process, David Thacher, Value Rationality in Policy Analysis (Feb 2004, unpublished), Class 2: September 10: Domestic Politics and Morality, Dennis Thompson,Political Ethics and Public Office, Chapter 1 (Democratic Dirty Hands). Do property rights trump environmental stewardship of common pool resources and open spaces? Religions reflect different moral capacity combinations as well. If so, how would we ever know and measure the merits of that? People in the United States are constantly forced to choose among competing values in the ongoing debate about public policy. Values, Ethics and Public Policy focuses on some of the many ways in which these political and moral values come into play in public policy. Predictable formulas and areas of contention unfold every time. Jonathan Wolff, Ethics and Public Policy: A Philosophical Inquiry, Routledge, 2011, 230pp., $29.95 (pbk), ISBN 9780415668538. In ethics, integrity is regarded by many people as the honesty and truthfulness or accuracy of one's actions. An ethical climate is also positively linked to performance, employee work satisfaction, and employee turnover ( Cooper, 2012 ; Maesschalck & Bertok, 2009 , p. 21; Menzel, 2007 , p. 10; Rose . Print and distribute theValues Cardsfor each student. On the days when the class splits into two groups, students will make short presentations on topics under discussion that day. With morals and values, people are arguing about the same exact stuff, just what behavioral flavor combination is best. These include disputes over vacation rentals, rural event centers, wine tasting facilities, and hotels in the historic Sonoma Plaza area. Policies are the manifestation of the broad-based goals of the state. Embracing diversity has been a constant in L.A.'s public discourse for the last 50 years, ever since Tom Bradley beat back incumbent mayor Sam Yorty's . Sprawl was previously reckoned with UGBs, but now sprawl in a different form appears to be back with event center tensions. A core aspect of our social behavior is manifested in values, or morals. Let us apply these thoughts to the role of religions, churches, and church leaders in the public sector. Dan Brock, "Utilitarianism," in And Justice for All: New Introductory Essays in Ethics and Public Policy, ed. The Planning Commission delved into the issue of what type of look is best for the Altamira Family Apartments affordable housing project on Broadway. This is the behavioral matrix within which cultural values operate. "The Economist, Aug 4, 2009, Class 19: November 12: Increasing the Supply of Organs for Transplantation, "Your part or mine? If people cant communicate, attempt to understand, and reach any comity about whos in charge, and have their interests fairly represented, the only other choice is to fight to the death in zero-sum dominance games. endobj In order to do this, actors have to be willing to have a good look at themselves, not just point fingers at others. His current projects include an examination of proposals for reforming political redistricting and an investigation of the effects of including non-issue preferences in spatial models of elections.

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