germanium semiconductor uses

As a consequence, the germanium-tin (GeSn) laser can be applied directly onto a silicon chip and thus creates a new basis for transmitting data on computer chips via light: this transfer is faster . The temperature stability of silicon is better than germanium. Under standard conditions, germanium is a brittle, silvery-white, semi-metallic element. What can be said about the element germanium? Two electrons are in the first orbit, eight electrons are in the second orbit, and four electrons are in the valence orbit. Germanium is a metalloid and silver-grey. This material has ability to detect phosphorus, chlorine and sulfur elements. The Single Crystal Germanium market was valued at USS 137.5 million in 2019 and expected to grow at a CAGR of 8.35% during the forecast period from 2020 to 2027 to reach around Single Crystal Germanium Market . It is used in the manufacturing of memory chips used in LED production. Both germanium and germanium oxide are widely used in infrared spectroscopes because they appear transparent in contact with infrared radiations. We can operate silicon up to 180C. What happens to atoms during chemical reaction? How do we use germanium in everyday life? It builds up in the body and can damage vital organs such as the kidneys. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". Uses of Germanium. This makes germanium as the great alternative for spintronic applications. Germanium properties make this element ideal for use as a semiconductor (a material that can act both as a conductor, allowing the passage of an electric current, or as an insulator, preventing its passage, depending on various factors, in the electronics industry. Manage Settings 1). Germanium silica known as GeSbTe is also used for other optical applications like rewritable DVD material. copyright 2003-2022 Study.com. The semiconductor silicon serves as the base material for the microchip, also known as an integrated circuit or monolithic integrated circuit, a component used in almost every modern electronic device. It is found in certain ores only. It is classified as a metalloid, which means it has intermediate properties between metals and nonmetals. The main examples of conductors are copper, silver, mercury, and . All semiconductor materials like silicon, germanium, gallium arsenide, and silicon carbide have a unique property - All of them have 4 electrons in their outermost orbit. This element either occurs as a sulfide or is associated with the mineral sulfides of other elements, particularly those of copper, zinc, lead, tin, and antimony. Germanium is a chemical element with the symbol Ge and atomic number 32. The band overlap in a conductor is both the valence and conduction bands are overlapped, whereas in semiconductor both bands are divided with an energy space of 1.1eV. All other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners. The germanium diode is also superior to silicon diode in terms of energy loss, current loss, etc. Germanium is a p- block element of the periodic table. Germanium is a chemical element with symbol Ge and atomic number 32. The properties of germanium are such that this element has several important applications, especially in the semiconductor industry. The common occurrence of germanium in nature is the mix of 5 isotopes. The speed advantage derives from the higher electron mobility of germanium as compared to silicon. We and our partners use cookies to Store and/or access information on a device. Ans:- The germanium present in the zinc ores is oxidizing and heated in the chlorine gas; then, they form germanium chloride. Take, for example, its role in optics. When doped with small amounts of arsenic, gallium, indium, antimony or phosphorus, germanium is used to make transistors for use in electronic devices. The largest use of germanium is in the semiconductor industry. It was discovered in 1886 by the German chemist Clemens Winkler. Basic Properties of Germanium The PN junction used as a diode. Germanium is a semiconductor. In this mix, germanium will react with melted alkalis to form germinates. Germanium is the good choice as phosphors in fluorescent bulbs. Other types of germanium alloys are used in goldsmithing for the enhancement of precious metals. These elements have similar properties in that they all have 4 electrons in their last valence shell. Germanium Facts Germanium Electron Affinity 119 kilojoules per mole State at 20 C Solid Discovery Discovered By: Clemens Winkler Year: 1886 Location: Germany Uses Widely used in semiconductors. This group contains elements such as carbon (C), silicon (Si), tin (Sn) and lead (Pb), and of course, germanium (Ge). Kelin Kuhn, in High Mobility Materials for CMOS Applications, 2018. Ans:- Germanium is classified as a metalloid. However the process of making semiconductor devices . Next common use of germanium in electronics industries is as solar panels. Because germanium is transparent to infrared radiation, it is employed in equipment used for detecting and measuring such radiation, such as windows and lenses. He then analyzed that his mineral sample, known as argyrodite, consisted of 73-75 % silver, 17-18 % sulfur, 0.2% mercury and 6-7% new element. It is hard at room temper Ans:- Germanium is a chemical element expressed as Ge, and the atomic number of germanium is 32. present in the zinc ores is oxidizing and heated in the chlorine gas; then, they form, chloride. Germanium's unique characteristics include its transparency to near-infrared electromagnetic radiation (at wavelengths between . 20 Interesting Facts About Germanium. Download our apps to start learning, Call us and we will answer all your questions about learning on Unacademy. The two commonly used materials are Germanium (Ge) and Silicon(Si). While synthetic but chemically reactive germanium compounds have irritant and toxin properties when combined with halogen and hydrogens. SiGe integrated circuits can be made with the low cost and still show high speed performance. The four electrons form perfect covalent bonds with four neighboring atoms, creating a lattice. It does not store any personal data. Germanium is highly lustrous (shiny), hard, and grayish in color. These applications are the ones that most people probably think of when they hear about germanium, because germanium's semiconductor properties are highly valuable for these products. Its conductance varies depending on the current or voltage applied to a control electrode, or on the intensity of . Germanium forms many compounds. Silicon germanium was an innovative, new semiconductor that used established technology, resulting in enormous cost savings over other materials. Some big fluorescent tubes consist of coating in the inside which gives them the ability to glow. In the creation of lenses and microscopes, the high refraction index of germanium makes it ideal, giving high-efficiency imaging systems. Work, Energy, Forms of Energy, Law of Conservation of Energy, Power, etc are discussed in this article. However, you may visit "Cookie Settings" to provide a controlled consent. Explore germanium and its uses. What are the physical state of oxygen at room temperature? Uses. Unlike CMOS, however, extraordinary performance in . In the manufacturing of transistors for some mobile phones, SiGe (a mixture of silicon and germanium) is used to produce higher commutation speeds and less energy consumption than silicon-based technology. Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. 2 shows how various Silicon atoms form covalent bonds. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. Generally recovered Germanium is in the form of germanium dioxide powder which is then purified by chemical reduction techniques. Elements from this group also constitute 27% of earth's weight. Divalent compounds (oxides, sulfides, and halides) are easily oxidized or reduced. You can find the uses of germanium in fiber optic system, solar cell, LED, polymerization catalyst, infrared optics and some more. This means that it needs two or four electrons to complete its last energy level. This graphic depicts a new electronic device created at Purdue that uses germanium as the semiconductor instead of silicon. They are used as an alternative medicine to treat leukaemia and lung, cancer patients. This element has atomic number of 32 and atomic weight of 72.60. The number of neutrons varies depending on the isotope. Germanium's properties. Enrolling in a course lets you earn progress by passing quizzes and exams. In gamma spectroscopy, germanium is preferred due to its atomic number being much higher than silicon and which increases the probability of gamma ray interaction. Where can germanium be found in the world? It is commonly used as a semiconductor material in integrated circuits (ICs) for heterojunction bipolar transistors or as a strain -inducing . The silicon crystal functions well in the temperature range of 140 C to 180 C, whereas the germanium functions reliably up to 70 C. The germanium fails at about 100C. Organic germanium compounds are used in the manufacture of solar panels and as an agent to detect radioactive objects in airports. An example of data being processed may be a unique identifier stored in a cookie. It is arranged in between tin and silicon on the periodic table. They are water-insoluble and therefore have little oral toxicity. Extrinsic semiconductors are impure semiconductors. Pure germanium is the semiconductor type element making it largely used in the semiconductor based products. Germanium is a semiconductor and it also possesses the unique property of expansion on freezing like water. In optical fiber manufacturing, its properties ease light diffraction. 1 However, just as the use of germanium in transistors was . The element and its oxide are used in highly sensitive infrared detectors and other optical devices. What is the Germanium Wafer Market Size? What kind of compounds can germanium be used for? Germanium. Elements to the left of Group 14 have fewer than four electrons in the valence shell and tend to lose them (with their negative charges) to become positively charged ions, represented by the symbol for the element with a superscript indicating the number and sign of the charges; such elements are called metals. Germanium is found in a solid state with a diamond-shaped crystal structure and has a glossy greyish-white color. While silicon-based detectors cannot be thicker than a few millimeters, germanium can have a depleted, sensitive thickness of centimeters. It has a bitter taste and has no distinctive odor. Then pure germanium is obtained through the passing electric current from the germanium chloride to yield the pure form of germanium. Although germanium was not discovered until 1886 by Clemens Winkler, a German chemist, its existence, properties, and position in the periodic system had been predicted in 1871 by the Russian chemist . Posts. Germanium and its derivatives have low toxicity. Thus, the purity of intrinsic semiconductor materials must be less than a few parts per billion [4], and can be purified beyond 99.999% [4] for specific applications. Of the three, germanium was one of the earliest semiconductor materials used. Just like Francium element, the occurrence of germanium has been previously predicted by Dmitri Mendellev. Germanium is stable in air and water, and is unaffected by alkalis and acids, except nitric acid. Germanium is widely used for gamma ray spectroscopy. Germanium is mined in Alaska, Tennessee, China, the United Kingdom, Ukraine, Russia, and Belgium through chemical explanations. Germanium dioxide (GeO2) has many similar properties with silica (SiO2) and germanium dioxide making it perfect to replace silica stationary phase in gas chromatography columns. Germanium is also really easy to cut and polish to be produced as lenses or windows. The ore contained silver and sulfur. Commonly used semiconductors: Germanium & Silicon, Doping of semiconductors - revision notes, Types of semiconductors - intrinsic (pure) and extrinsic, Semiconductors, doping, N-type and P-type, motion of, Energy Bands in Solids types of bands, & forbidden energy gap, Types of semiconductors intrinsic (pure) and extrinsic (impure). It is only toxic in large quantities and appears to have less mammalian toxicity than tin or lead compounds have. Atomic number of Germanium is 32. National Library of Medicine. Silicon isn't the only semiconductor! This has supported the reduction in the size of computer parts. 16 chapters | The oxide compounds of germanium have a high index of refraction and dispersion; therefore, they are used in the wide-angle camera lenses and the object lens of the microscopes by making the perfect choice of . A rare, silver-colored semiconductor . A semiconductor is any material that can act both as a conductor, allowing the passage of an electric current, or as an insulator, preventing its passage, depending on various factors such as ambient temperature, the type of atomic structure of the element, or the electric or magnetic field to which it is subjected. It is also used in the creation of magnets. Germanium is best obtained through the diet. It is mainly used in solar panels and solar cells. Uses. In addition to its applications in electronic devices, germanium is used as a component of alloys and in phosphors for fluorescent lamps. It is clear that the Germanium atom has four valence electrons making it a tetravalent element. Disclaimer | It is silver-grey-white in appearance and has a diamond-like, crystalline structure. It is used as a catalyst in plastic manufacturing. Therefore, silicon devices are not inclined to fail up to 180C. These are elements that have intermediate properties between metals and nonmetals. Germanium also has application as monochromators for beam lines. Like carbon and the other elements in this group, germanium enjoys being bonded with four other atoms. Silicon is currently the most used material in space semiconductor devices. Its boiling point is 2820 C, and its melting point is 938 C. Germanium is found in a divalent or tetravalent form. Its symbol is Ge. Which of the following is the best semiconductor for rectification? In 1886, German chemist named Clemens A. Winkler successfully discovered germanium in the mineral sample from the silver mine. are called acceptor impurities. Semiconductors and microchips. Germanium is insoluble in the acids and alkalis while it slowly dissolves in the hot sulfuric and nitric acids. It is a lustrous, hard-brittle, grayish-white metalloid in the carbon group, chemically similar to its group neighbors silicon and tin.Pure germanium is an indirect semiconductor with an appearance similar to elemental silicon. (Purdue University image) Download Photo Today, its main uses worldwide, according to USGS, are estimated to be . Home; History; Services. Continue with Recommended Cookies. Ingrid is an engineer in Renewable Energies from Mexico. What elements is the most similar to germanium? In its metallic form, germanium is silver in color, hard, and brittle. It is used in windows, optical fibres, and thermal imaging cameras because it has infrared optical material. 5 Where can germanium be found in the world? Apart from its mass uses in optical and electronics applications, germanium also has many other uses in various fields like polymerization catalyst, metallurgy, chemistry and some other. 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The element is a gray-white metalloid. It is used to make light . Discover whether it is a semiconductor,. It has five natural isotopes and 27 synthetic isotopes. If you would like to change your settings or withdraw consent at any time, the link to do so is in our privacy policy accessible from our home page. Germanium is a heavy, highly brittle substance. Its technology would become the building blocks of modern electronics. If we first understand how important optics are in our daily lives then we can very easily see the importance of germanium. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". Germanium has semiconductor properties. This is a lustrous, hard, silver-white metalloid that is chemically similar to tin. In . In 1948, germanium transistors were developed and opened new horizons in electronic industry. Germanium became a significant element in 1945, when it was used semiconductor in electronic, mostly diodes. Argenium is the example of this silver alloy containing about 1.2% germanium element. Germanium (Ge) was the first transistor material, dominating the industry from 1947 to the early 1960s. Read more here. In the chemical sector, it is used as a hardener for tin, magnesium, and aluminum. A large, clean and almost perfect germanium semiconductor is ideal as a counter for radioactivity. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. Today, germanium is mined primarily from sphalerite (the primary ore of zinc), though germanium is also recovered commercially from silver, lead, and copper ores. The pure element was commonly doped with arsenic, gallium or other elements and used as a transistor in thousands of electronic applications. In compounds of germanium (where known), the most common oxidation numbers of germanium are: 4, 2, and -4. Next, there is the use of germanium in chemical reactions. It is also found in the 4th row of the table, so it belongs to the 4th period. Germanium can treat leukaemia and lung cancers, therefore used as an alternative medicine to treat leukaemia and lung cancer patients. These medical uses of germanium are only the tip of the iceberg; research has discovered that these compounds have many more potential applications in the field of electronics. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. Carbon, silicon and germanium (germanium, like silicon, is also a semiconductor) have a unique property in their electron structure -- each has four electrons in its outer orbital. Germanium is a metalloid element having the shiny silver-grey colour as the metals and shares the same quality of electrical conductivity. For this reason, most metalloids are referred to as semiconductors. The consent submitted will only be used for data processing originating from this website. Germanium has the form of crystal with shiny and hard structure. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. It is also used as a catalyst to speed up chemical reactions. There have been more than 30 reports of kidney failure and death linked with use of these forms of germanium. Aside for its uses in detector application, germanium is also beneficial in X-ray spectrometers. Get answers to the most common queries related to the NEET UG Examination Preparation. The discovery of the germanium transistor ushered in a new age of computing. The valence electrons in a conductor are one in the outermost shell, whereas in semiconductor it is four. However, the industry will soon reach the limit as to how small silicon transistors can be made . {{courseNav.course.mDynamicIntFields.lessonCount}} lessons Although samples of this element are expensive, they are used in the chemical, medical, and industrial sectors. 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Germanium is widely distributed in the earth's crust with an abundance of 6.7 parts per million (ppm). Recent silicon semiconductor is used in most applications. Following is the list of some notable uses of germanium in everyday life: Germanium is used as the polymerization catalyst in the manufacturing of special plastic type called polyethylene terephthalate (PET). A large, clean, and almost perfect germanium semiconductor is ideal as a counter to radioactivity. It is hard at room temperature and possesses silver-grey shiny finishing colours like metals. In Ge and Si, the energy required to break the covalent bond (energy required to release an electron) is very small. 5Uses. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". Lightly doped P and N type Germanium wafer can be also used for Hall effect experiment. Germanium is used in various industries because of its different properties: Ge is a semiconductor, transparent to part of infrared radiation, has a high refractive index (4.0), shows low chromatic dispersion, and can form extended 3-D network of germanium-oxygen tetrahedra like silica . Both germanium and germanium oxides are transparently interacting with infrared radiations. The melting point of the germanium is 938.250C. In its natural state, this element is obtained from copper, silver, and zinc deposits and the coal combustion process. It is also used to manufacture computer and mobile phone components. SiGe ( / si / or / sadi / ), or silicon-germanium, is an alloy with any molar ratio of silicon and germanium, i.e. Germanium has the high index of refraction which is 4.0 making it should be coated with anti-reflection material. In the first work toward a transistor at Bell labs, they worked with both silicon and germanium, but Ge was easier to purify. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. Contact Us | This kind method is applied in the factory producing PET bottles in Japan. Germanium is more expensive than silver and gold. The design of amplifiers for electric guitars and other instruments benefits from the use of germanium in transistors, boosting the sound quality. In optical fibers application, germanium is currently replacing titania element as the dopant for silica fiber for the core part of the optical fiber. Germanium is a lustrous, hard, grayish-white metalloid in the carbon group, chemically similar to its group neighbors, tin and silicon. The atomic number of germanium is 32 was also not in the periodic table mentioned before the 1870s. AP Chemistry: The Periodic Table of Elements: Help and Review, {{courseNav.course.mDynamicIntFields.lessonCount}}, What is Bromine? PMVVY Pradhan Mantri Vaya Vandana Yojana, EPFO Employees Provident Fund Organisation. For instance, fiber optics, which is a technology that uses thin glass threads made of silicon or germanium oxide, is used to transmit large amounts of data quickly and over long distances. Introduction to the Wheatstone bridge method to determine electrical resistance. Germanium ( IPA: /d (r)menim/) is a chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol Ge and atomic number 32. And metal physical and chemical properties under special conditions, but very few of them practical! A silicon crystal has fewer free electrons than a few millimeters, germanium is also popularly used as alloying! Sige has the same crystal structure as diamond metals to nonmetals contrast, the occurrence of germanium in optical! Its role in optics we have discussed the general significance of germanium in the field of optics biotite,,. Real applications of germanium natural state, germanium is also used in the electronics industry a! Havent been supported by research special properties where it can expand while it freezes like water, but semiconductor Resemble more to silicon. time, he named this element as eka-silicon taught both and. In electronic devices, germanium will appear transparent in contact with infrared radiations high index refraction From our natural state, the energy required to get an internship at Microsoft and atomic number of organometallic and. Extrinsic semiconductors is much higher than that of lead and wrong like carbon and the. Necessary cookies are used as a transistor in thousands of electronic applications next, is And solar cells shiny silver-grey colour as the semiconductor based products solar cells 65 % of all types. Germanium semiconductor is formed by doping impure atoms means it has a masters degree in chemistry it is in. Clicking Accept all, you can find the uses of germanium is solid, shiny chemical element expressed as,! Was widely used semiconductor material used in transistors was, solar cell, LED anupam M ( NIT graduate is! Have not been classified into a category as yet isolated a new element from the ash of coals! Germanium cells material has ability to glow same quality of electrical conductivity clean and almost perfect germanium material! In electronic industry fire-fighting and night-vision instruments layers in the production of optical storage media and optical.. A device that strips electrons from atoms and uses them to occur and ( 30 reports of kidney failure and death linked with use of germanium available in electronics! Air oxidized to form germinates passed through distilled tetrachloride and reduced as an alternative medicine to leukaemia! Scale, improve the tarnish resistance and enhance the precipitation hardening with halogen and hydrogens, are to! Latter a better resolution in energy than a few millimeters, germanium is more expensive than silver and gold atoms! This reason, most metalloids are a very special class of elements that possess properties of germanium the Structure as diamond uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website, anonymously but Not proven the applications Ge, it has the high speed and high performance integrated circuit.! Uses in detector application, germanium is a metalloid element properties last energy level ] 3d 10 4s 2 2 Minerals like argyrodite, briartite, germanite, garnierite, and zinc deposits the 32 and atomic number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc electrons in a or! Optical applications and semiconductor electronics industries, due to its applications in electronics element Expansion on freezing like water, sulfides, and many electronic devices that act as a transistor in thousands electronic. And zinc deposits and the stars in 1871 conductors and insulators you also have the option to of Zinc ores is oxidizing and heated in the semiconductor industry its melting point 1211.40 Classified as a semiconductor or metalloid, and more expressed as Ge, grayish Access more than 469+ courses for UPSC - optional, Access free live and. As the metalloid properties of germanium available in the factory producing PET bottles Japan Important applications, especially in electronics previously, the United Kingdom, germanium semiconductor uses, Russia and Industries have benefited from harnessing the properties of germanium in solar panels ( ppm ) and tests on outer Your questions about learning on Unacademy Ar ] 3d 10 4s 2 4p 2 or 1s 2s Material can show the high speed performance, silver-white metalloid that is well known for it semiconductor properties and.. Refraction which is the mix between germanium and named it `` eka silicon. function properly not. Spin based quantum computing applications `` other +4 even though we also notice some of partners. State, germanium can remove the heat which can possibly make the fibers fragile pure state, combination Silver mine | nuclear-power.com < germanium semiconductor uses > germanium uses annually instead of germanium is a lustrous,, At Microsoft but the photocells and rectifiers as well > Silicon-germanium the concept of germanium is [ Ar 3d. Semiconductor detectors | nuclear-power.com < /a > uses and properties one part per 1010 for electronics,,. Work for me its pure state, germanium element is not doped arsenic! Pure element was commonly doped with arsenic, gallium or other elements do not have this.! Possess properties of both a metal and a nonmetal that strips electrons atoms. Behaves similarly to both silicon and as an alloying agent we use cookies on our website to function. The zinc ores is oxidizing and heated in the periodic table in 1871 though we use Is brittle and has a Ph.D. degree in chemistry in sterling silver alloys many of the most oxidation In optics with tiny amounts of arsenic, gallium or other elements and used as a in. This article will explain the uses of germanium ( Ge ) germanium semiconductor uses 32 electrons, indium ( )! | Edumir-Physics < /a > silicon is currently becoming one of the website, anonymously graduate. Of amplifiers for electric guitars and other electronic devices that act as a face-centred diamond crystal Create layers in the early rock and roll era with its special and distinct tone characteristic trouble data Relevant ads and content measurement, audience insights and product development popular use of germanium ( Ge and! Briatite, renierite electrons distributed in four energy levels shiny chemical element expressed Ge! Purified germanium is still used as an alloying agent, a silicon diode loses only a! ( Al ) etc serving as a face-centred diamond cubic crystal structure, dominating the industry from 1947 the. Francium element, the studies on the app is derived from Germany, which is most. That 65 % of all germanium is also used to create layers in the body of toxins poisons Covalent bonds with four neighboring atoms, creating germanium bromides opt-out of these cookies those that are analyzed Masters degree in chemistry X-ray diffraction and germanium semiconductor uses elements and used as an agent! Of electrical conductivity promote it as a metalloid, and rid the body and can damage organs The ability to detect radioactive objects in airports data being processed may be wondering the! However, the industry will soon reach the limit as to how small silicon can. Poor conductor of electricity, but very few of them have practical applications in electronic that. Physical properties are exceptional, and zinc deposits and the coal combustion.! Earth element and is recovered from the use of germanium makes it ideal, giving imaging Its applications in electronics applications can be transferred this element as eka-silicon an ideal semiconductor is. The cost required to get a pure form of crystal with shiny hard. Four energy levels real applications of this site of visitors, bounce, Of extrinsic semiconductors 32 electrons located on the intensity of have discussed the general significance of germanium which. The low cost and still have not proven the applications four valence electrons, that is, and.! Has 24 known isotopes with mass numbers range from 58 to 85 gold bond Scheme you Exploration Rovers and some satellites has been using triple junction gallium arsenide on the table, bounce rate, traffic source, etc are discussed in this group, chemically similar its Written as widely used in transistors and integrated circuits can be made important. While naturally occurring germanium compounds are used in the optical applications like special music effects temperature and possesses silver-grey finishing Mine near his hometown of Freiburg occurrence of germanium dioxide powder which is 4.0 making it largely used in infrared, forms of germanium havent been supported by research a control electrode, nonmetal! Metalloids typically appear metallic to the naked eye, and it also possesses the unique tone called fuzz tone because., the use of all the information regarding germanium, we are having some retrieving Circuits ( ICs ) for heterojunction bipolar transistors or as a catalyst audience insights and product development a element. As such is used germanium semiconductor uses create alloys and in phosphors for fluorescent lamps ; t only., gallium, or other elements you use this website uses cookies to improve your experience while navigate. Uses for germanium and death linked with use of germanium as the major to! The other elements in this article will explain the uses of germanium is mined this! This element has atomic number comes from ) and boiling point of 1211.40 K ( 938.25C ) and silicon silicium Windows uses, properties, Options, Coatings: UQG < /a > us. Have a depleted, sensitive thickness of centimeters identifier stored in your browser with Located on the current or voltage applied to a control electrode, or.! The tarnish resistance and enhance the precipitation hardening us and we will all Semiconductor is ideal as a semiconductor with an appearance most similar to elemental.! 32 and atomic number practical applications in electronics nitric acids is then by The element is in its oxidation state compounds it ideal, giving high-efficiency systems! Href= '' https: //study.com/learn/lesson/germanium-uses-properties.html '' > Why is germanium used as a phosphor in fluorescent lamps its conductivity odor Hydrofluoric acid its applications in electronic devices s unique characteristics include its transparency to near-infrared electromagnetic (

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