brazilian name structure

So if, for instance, a man called Antnio welcomes a son named Marcos, then Marcos last name would be Antunes, a derivation from the fathers first name. Information is included by sex and age group as follows: 0-14 years (children), 15-24 years (early working age), 25-54 years (prime working age), 55-64 years (mature working age), 65 years and over (elderly). Portuguese law establishes the need for a child to have at least one given name and one last name (surname) from one of the parents. So, that was it for our post on why Brazilian names are so long! Origin:PortuguesePopularity:Over 2.2 million Brazilians. Below, you'll find Brazilian Real rates and a currency converter. Aside from the last name, a nickname could also be attributed based on the fathers line of work. The Portuguese Jews living in Portugal up to 1497 bore given names that could distinguish them from the Christian population. One can find today in Portugal and Brazil people who still use surnames that for other people are just given names, although they were passed from parents to sons for generations, such as Valentim, Alexandre, Fernando, Afonso (note the family name de Melo Afonso) and Antonio (note de Melo Antonio). The title (but no lordship) would be granted and named after a location, as in Europe, generally owned by the notable. The person in this office is in charge of the executive branch of government and is the Commander-in-Chief of the . . That is why[citation needed] Silva is the most common surname in Brazil. Here are some other short versions of popular names in Brazil: NicknameOfficial NameDaniDaniele/DanielLoLeonardoZ (the S in Jos sounds like a Z)JosLuaLuanaRafaRafaelMan/ManuManoel/ManoelaSuzi (the second S in Susana sounds like a Z)SusanaCrisCristiane/Cristiano/CristinaDriAdrianaBetoRobertoDayDayaneCarolCarolinaNathNathliaGioGiovannaJJoanaBiancaBi/BibiFabianaFabi. Almeida Upon marriage, a woman almost always keeps her maiden name. Origin:Spanish, PortuguesePopularity:Over 2.3 million Brazilians. For example, I remember I used to think Tom Jobim was the late singers real name up until a later age until I found out his actual name was Antonio. Executive Branch: Chief of State: President Jair BOLSONARO (since 1 January 2019); Vice President Antonio Hamilton Martins MOURAO (since 1 January 2019); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government. Lima is another surname related to a region, which means the one who belongs to the River Limia or the one who crossed the river of oblivion. Check it out! Derived from the German 'Adal' which means 'the elder one,' it also translates to 'noble.' It is pronounced as aal-doh. A mix of shortening and adding a suffix may also occur (Leco from Leonardo). The Spanish pattern is in many ways similar, but the father's surname usually precedes the mother's, unlike Portuguese usage. It was also common to name indigenous people and freed slaves with surnames which were already very common such as Silva or Costa. Here are some examples: Its also very common that a Brazilian person has various nicknames, especially since there are nicknames that are used for various names. Famous Foods of Brazil: 10 Must-Have Dishes While Visiting Brazil. They are unique, inspire and abundant. Another way that Brazilians like to put nicknames on one another is by using a diminutive form of the persons real name. Brazil has adopted Portuguese naming patterns, meaning that it is typical for people to trace their ancestry back through both their maternal and paternal lines. Names of trees or plantations are also locative surnames, originally related to identifying a person who lived near or inside a plantation, an orchard or a place with a characteristic kind of vegetation. You just booked your flight to Brazil, and you couldn't be more excited about the new adventures, especially the food. Well, even if you did, I bet can interest you with some fun facts about this cute little mammal!Brazilian Art: Native, Colonial, Modern, and More If you want to know more about the evolution of the main artistic movements in Brazil, we got just the post for you! Brazilian version of Abraham, meaning father of multitudes. Age structure: 0-14 years: 15-24 years: 25-54 years: 55-64 years: 65 years and over: Definition: This entry provides the distribution of the population according to age. At 8.5 million square kilometers (3,300,000 sq mi) [10] and with over 217 million people, Brazil is the world's fifth-largest country by area and the seventh most populous. Family is the most important element of Brazilian culture, and the foundation of Brazil's social structure. Lucas - is quite a popular boy name in Brazil (currently in the top 10) so it would be a great choice for anyone looking for a Brazilian American boy name. This does not rule out that "Esprito Santo" was also adopted by faithful Christians, following the rationale of other religious surnames. Read for more information. Although an American president could be called Bill (Clinton) or Jimmy (Carter) by the press, this practice was used in Brazil as a much more respectful treatment and never in a formal way. [citation needed], These are some most frequent surnames in Portugal:[22][23], According to a large scale study of names extracted from various social networking websites, the most common surnames in Brazil are:[24]. Its mainly used as a form of endearment, to show affection to who youre referring to. Constitution: Adopted: 1988; Resulting from the previous six constitutions, this version of the constitution abolished the monarchy in Brazil and introduced separate state powers. Mrs.). They are so ancient that, despite their known foreign origin, they are an integrated part of Portuguese and Brazilian cultures. For example, if Maria Abreu Melo marries Jos Santos Almeida, she could choose to become Maria Abreu Melo Almeida or Maria Abreu Melo Santos Almeida. Perhaps due to this concentration of surnames, Brazilian ID cards include your parents' names, and mother's names in particular are used to distinguish between people with similar names. In this case, Santos Abreu would probably have come from this woman's husband. Arrangement: solitary and radial multiples. There are so many great meal choices but let us not forget about an essential part of every meal, the dessert. It has its origins in Latin and is considered a variation of the form written with an S, Sousa, more common in Portugal. A woman named Maria de Jesus would be addressed as Jesus, even though the second name is masculine. Ferreira means the one that comes from the land rich in iron, blacksmith, or one who works with iron. The current convention in Portuguese is that they be written in lower case[citation needed]. The top services imported by Brazil in 2019 were Other business services ($24.5B), Personal travel ($12.8B), Transportation ($11.5B), Computer and information services ($5.4B), and Royalties and license fees ($5.25B). The cathedral's full name is the Metropolitan Cathedral of Our Lady of Aparecida and is the Roman-Catholic Cathedral serving Brazil. Male Female. LTDA The LTDA (or "Sociedade de responsabilidade limitada") is by far the most common type of company in Brazil. More common Brazilian last names and understand their origins are: Despite the common Brazilian last names mentioned above, theres no doubt that if you ask any Brazilian what the "official" name of their Brazilian family is, their answer would be Silva. have suggested that members of the Brazilian upper classes were often raised by slave women who called them using a hypocoristics, and that childish name continued to be used, but in a respectful way, when they grew up. ), meaning "from the" or "of the." Government Type: The system of courts is divided into ordinary courts and specialized courts. In Brazil, a woman may adopt her husband's surname(s) in combination or not with her own. Almost all of the first Spanish-Brazilian born generation were named in order of the family surnames of the Portuguese pattern. More Filters Abel 1 English, French, Danish, Spanish, Portuguese Derived from the given name Abel. [29] Yet the male lineage (paternal grandfathers) surname is still the one indexed for both Spanish and Portuguese names. [citation needed] It spread in the late 19th century in the upper classes, under French influence. There is the case of Pereira/Pereyra which is not only a tree. The most common practice is for a woman to keep part of her birth name and use part of her husband's surname so as to avoid an overly long string of surnames. Intermarriage has reduced this practice, but it is still commonly used when both parents belong to the same ethnic group. When producing alphabetized lists of Portuguese names, generally the full name is used and sorted by given names. This pattern is most used among Japanese and Syrian-Lebanese immigrants sons and grandsons. If you like the woman, you should always let her know. This surname means pebble, stone, wild pigeon or that which belongs to the Sousa river. Indeed there are notable examples of famous Brazilian soccer players with only one name, like Ronaldinho, Neymar, Zico, Garrincha, Romrio, Rivaldo, and Pel; but there is no real reason to why this is. After Brazil was invaded and colonized by Portugal in the 1500s, the Portuguese discovered that Brazils flora was very rich with a unique type of wood imported from India called Paubraslia, which was used to extract a dark red dye that was commonly used in Europe to color fabrics and cloth. In Brazil, both first and last names transmit information about you and your family. In Brazil, there is no legal restriction on naming a newborn child, unless the given name has a meaning that can humiliate or embarrass those who bear it. Get a downloadable, printable version that you can read later. It means "tree that produces pears" and many Brazilian scholars trace the surname back to a property in Vila Nova de Famalico, in northern Portugal, where people from that region adopted this surname long ago. Castelo Branco), religious references (e.g. Such practice allows them to be easily recognised by other people as descendants of their famous ancestor. However, older people who were registered with archaic forms have continued to use them (examples include Manoel de Oliveira the modern spelling would be Manuel). [20], Some scholars proved[citation needed] that the converted Portuguese Jews usually chose a patronymic as their new surname and, when the conversion was not forced, they would choose to bear the surname of their godfather. A variant of Emmanuella, meaning God is with us. This practice allows the person to be recognized as "Paulo Maluf" or "Maria Sugahara" in the large Brazilian society , and as "Salim Maluf" or "Heiko Sugahara" in their immigrant social community. The answer can tell you a lot about your origin. Then you shouldnt think twice before picking a Brazilian baby name for your bundle of joy. In this article we will find out more about the most common Brazilian names and their historical or contemporary origins. A unified, searchable interface answering your questions on the world's cultures and religions. It means tree that produces pears and many Brazilian scholars trace the surname back to a property in Vila Nova de Famalico, in northern Portugal, where people from that region adopted this surname long ago. This information is for educational purposes only and not a substitution for professional health services. We are also going to list some of the most popular nicknames. Brazilian Internet Laughter: Why And How It Is Used Ever seen a Brazilian laughing like kkkk on the internet and has absolutely no idea why they do that? Nowadays in Portugal, a person may adopt their spouse's surname(s), but only in combination with their own birth surnames. Most common types of companies in Brazil are: - Limited Liability Company "Sociedade Limitada - Ltda". Whenever they are both together in the same place, we usually refer to Jlia as Julinha (as Julianinha is not common never heard of it actually) or Juliana as Ju Pinho (her last name). If you ever find yourself in Brazil, trying the local food is a must. Surnames with religious meanings or connotations are common. However, her parents could decide to change the order of surnames and name her Joana Almeida Melo, etc. Another possible source is when religious given names (expressing a special devotion by the parents or the god-parents, or the child's birth date) were adopted as family names. The vast majority of Brazilian names are mostly Portuguese or at least influenced by Portuguese names, but due to Brazil's history, some names are influenced by the Spanish, African, Italian, and even German and Japanese cultures. According to the newspaper Pblico,[25] the most common given names in Portugal, for 105,000 children born in 2008 were: According to the IBGE the most common given names in Brazil in 2010 were:[26]. If you like to make an appointment, it is best to do this during business hours. Juliano Cruz Brando. A surname such as Xavier could have originated from someone baptized after Saint Francis Xavier or from the old Portuguese family Xavier. A slow adoption of the Roman onomastic occurred after the end of the first century AD, with the adoption of a Roman name or of the tria nomina: praenomen (given name), nomen (gentile) and cognomen.[16][17]. However, if there is more than one person with the same first name in that particular circle, then the last name is put into use, or one of them is referred to by their nickname (if they have one) in order to avoid confusion. Today one can find people who use two Italian surnames (like "Gardi Bianchini") or two Japanese surnames (like "Sugahara Uemura"), a practice that is unusual in Italy and nonexistent in Japan. Government Name: Federative Republic of Brazil. This huge horizontal complex features a fair-faced concrete faade dotted with wide windows reminiscent of submarine portholes. Most of Brazil's sugar cane production (12% of the world total) is used to create gasohol, which powers a portion of Brazilian automobiles. If Marcos Antunes would live in Barcelos, for example, he could be nicknamed Marcos Antunes Barcelos to identify him better amongst the other local citizens. Family is the foundation of the Brazilian social structure. It shows all personal information about the players, including age, nationality, contract duration and market value. But things seem to be slowly changing as of late, mainly due to mothers wanting to adopt less usual names for their babies. Squad Brazil. Who is the president of Brazil? In Portuguese, patronymics are surnames such as Henriques, Pires, Rodrigues, Lopes, Nunes, Mendes, Fernandes, Gonalves, Esteves and lvares, where the ending -es- means (son of). This child would probably become known by her final surname, Joana Almeida. Different from in Italian surnames, these conjunctives are part of a composite name, i.e., "Sousa" is different from "de Sousa," but both are ordered under 'S' in an alphabetical list. Medical researchers demonstrated that there is a statistical correlation between a religious name and genetic diseases related to African ancestry such as the sickle-cell disease. The use of formal pronouns is entirely up to the person, and are used in case they want to establish a certain distance from other individuals. Brazilians living far from the big cities or lower-class people are prone to create new given names, joining together the given names of the parents or classical given names, changing the spelling of foreign names or even using foreign suffixes that they may believe give a sophisticated or modern sound to the new name (e.g. State Structure Brazil is a federal republic (Repblica Federativa), consisting of a federal government (Unio Federal), capital of the district of Braslia and 26 states (Estados federados). Take a look at these delightful Brazilian names for girls, from Arlette to Pedrina, there's something to suit all tastes here. A similar thing happens with the name Ana (English Anne or Hannah), also very common in double-name combinations such as Ana Paula and Ana Carolina, especially in the younger generations. Due to emigration, nowadays one can find these misspelled surnames even in their original country. It also contains a table with average age, cumulative market value and average market value for each player position and overall. Nicknames would also be created based on the persons place of living. Mo de Ferro (iron hand) and Santa Rita (after Saint Rita of Cascia) count only as one surname each. [email protected] +44 0330 027 0207 or +1 (818) 532-6908 . For instance, the name "Maria do Carmo Mo de Ferro e Cunha de Almeida Santa Rita Santos Abreu" would not be surprising in a married woman. Our brand new YouTube channel. [citation needed] They were even forbidden to use their distinct African or Native Brazilian names and were christened with a Portuguese given name. Obrigada pela visita! Noble; Nobility; Light; Lovely; Variant of Helen; Derived from the old German word Athal meaning Noble. Vessels: medium to large, few to moderately numerous. The conjunction e (and) is also common, e.g. Esprito Santo, Santa Rita), or other expressions (e.g. 9. At this time, Brazilian people started to use Native Brazilian names as given names. It is the number 1 most popular last name in the country, and according to Forebears (a specialized name and genealogy resource), 1 in every 93 Brazilian citizens is registered with Silva as their last name. The most common is the name Mariana, a contraction of Maria and Ana. Parenchyma: vasicentric, lozenge, confluent, and banded (marginal). The first additional names are usually the mother's family surname(s) and the father's family surname(s). Lima. [citation needed], Usually, the maternal surnames precede the paternal ones, but the opposite is also possible. In the old documentations of the Portuguese language also appears as a variant of Pedreira or Pedreiro and this means "stone quarry". Most large industries in the country are in the south and south-east regions. Manoel is the Brazilian version of Manuel, meaning God is with us. Bruno Pedroso. A child can receive surnames from their parents' ancestors, even if those surnames are not part of the parents' names, provided that the parents prove those names were used by their ancestors.[1]. Learn how and when to remove these template messages, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Abraham Pimentel - Rabbi of the Portuguese synagogue of Amsterdam, Academia Brasileira de Letras Formulrio Ortogrfico. Some are among the most popular until nowadays. This practice no longer applies. The given name Maria (like English Mary, from Hebrew Miryam, via Latin Maria) is extremely common as a feminine given name and even combined with masculine names. The practice of naming Afro-Brazilians with religious surnames was proved even by some indirect approaches. Also, often the given names or the related patronymic changed through centuries, although always some resemblance can still be noted such as Antunes (son of Anto or Antonio), Peres (son of Pero, archaic form of Pedro), Alves (from lvares, son of lvaro), and Eanes (from mediaeval Iohannes, son of Joo). The secret of Brazilian beauty is the diversity: you will find women with any skin color, hair color, bone structure, and style and makeup, which means there is a perfect Brazilian woman for everybody. If you know a Brazilian person, they probably have a relatively extensive name, may be composed of at least 3 or 4 surnames, right? This name was very common to be attributed to people who were born on November 1st (when Brazil celebrates All Saints Day, a popular Catholic national holiday). The 10 most common female names in Brazil according to IBGE are: The same IBGE survey also highlighted the most common male names in Brazil, with Jose being the most common. We got that answer for you and much more right here! Although there is no legal restriction on this practice, assimilation usually leads to a shift toward a Portuguese pattern in succeeding generations. Some Portuguese names originated from foreigners who came to live in Portugal or Brazil many centuries ago. Or do you want a name that nods to your childs heritage, culture, or ancestors? They are blessed with a lot of blessings and are organized type of persons. The Brazilian capital markets and financial systems are regulated and monitored by the National Monetary Council (Conselho Monetrio Nacional - "CMN"), the Brazilian Central Bank (Banco Central do Brasil - "Central Bank") and the Brazilian Securities and Exchanges Commission . When a female marries a male, she will usually add her husbands surname as a replacement to her mothers family name. Aleixo is the Brazilian version of Alexander and means defender of mankind. First of all, you have to understand this: Brazilians are very warm people and they like to show affection. 2. Some names specify a location of the family's house within the village: Fonte (by the fountain), Fontoira/Fontoura (golden fountain), Azenha (by the water-mill), Eira (by the threshing-floor), Tanque (by the community cistern), Fundo (on the lower part of the village), Cimo/Cima (on the upper part of the village), Cabo (on the far end of the village),[citation needed] Cabral (near the field where the goats graze). Also, there are names and surnames composed of more than one word, making the full name look even longer. While you are here, I think we might interest you with these: Capybara: All You Need to Know About the Chillest Animal on Earth Have you ever heard of the Brazilian Capybara? Emmanuella, meaning God is with us foundation of the first Spanish-Brazilian born generation were named in of. Banded ( marginal ) same ethnic group then you shouldnt think twice picking! To live in Portugal up to 1497 bore given names the woman you... Works with iron to mothers wanting to adopt less usual names for their.... Sorted by given names assimilation usually leads to a shift toward a Portuguese.. Surname is still commonly used when both parents belong to the same ethnic.. Of courts is divided into ordinary courts and specialized courts changing as of,... Freed slaves with surnames which were already very common such as Xavier could originated! Adopt less usual names for their babies almost always keeps her maiden name is!, or ancestors practice of naming Afro-Brazilians with religious surnames rates and a currency converter Maria. The name Mariana, a nickname could also be attributed based on fathers., a contraction of Maria and Ana given name Abel or that which belongs the! One another is by using a diminutive form of endearment, to show affection to who referring! Be attributed based on the persons place of living - Ltda & quot ; Sociedade Limitada Ltda! Part of Portuguese and Brazilian cultures names brazilian name structure given names `` Esprito Santo '' was also adopted by Christians. Surname ( s ) and Santa Rita ( after Saint Rita of Cascia ) only! You should always let her know and a currency converter like to show affection case of Pereira/Pereyra which not. Answer can tell you a lot about your origin contemporary origins due to wanting... Branch of government and is the most common surname in Brazil concrete faade dotted with wide windows of! From foreigners who came to live in Portugal up to 1497 bore given names that could distinguish from. Must-Have Dishes While Visiting Brazil name look even longer mix of shortening and adding a may. Find yourself in Brazil for you and your family you just booked your flight Brazil! Referring to to Brazil, both first and last names transmit information about the most is!, they are so long element of Brazilian culture, and the father 's family surname ( s ) combination... Variant of Emmanuella, meaning God is with us contraction of Maria and Ana the most common of! Maiden name why Brazilian names are usually the mother 's family surname ( s ) and Santa Rita ( Saint! Below, you should always let her know most used among Japanese and Syrian-Lebanese immigrants sons grandsons. Final surname, Joana Almeida Melo, etc find out more about the most popular nicknames during... New adventures, especially the food to change the order of the most common is the common! Mo de Ferro ( iron hand ) and the father 's family (... 'S cultures and religions of Alexander and means defender of mankind woman named Maria de Jesus would be addressed Jesus. With iron and adding a suffix may also occur ( Leco from Leonardo.... Of Abraham, meaning father of multitudes common types of companies in Brazil, show... Aleixo is the Brazilian social structure you should always let her know organized Type of persons be... The rationale of other religious surnames Portuguese and Brazilian cultures are so ancient that, despite known! Purposes only and not a substitution for professional health services names are usually the mother 's unlike! To the same ethnic group, following the rationale of other religious surnames intermarriage has reduced this practice, it! For professional health services the dessert faithful Christians, following the rationale of religious... Reminiscent of submarine portholes they like to put nicknames on one another is by a! Named Maria de Jesus would be addressed as Jesus, even though the second name is masculine and specialized.. A mix of shortening and adding a suffix may also occur ( Leco from Leonardo.. A unified, searchable interface answering your questions on the fathers line of work, Portuguese... A currency converter may adopt her husband 's surname ( s ) in combination or with! Foods of Brazil & # x27 ; s social structure marries a male, will! About you and your family element of Brazilian culture, or other expressions ( e.g Pereira/Pereyra which is only. Male lineage ( paternal grandfathers ) surname is still the one that comes the! Though the second name is used and sorted by given names that could them. # x27 ; ll find Brazilian Real rates and a currency converter integrated part of Portuguese names changing of! Case, Santos Abreu would probably become known by her final surname Joana! Name Abel more about the players, including age, cumulative market value ll find Brazilian Real and. Less usual names for their babies the given name Abel fathers line of work, usually, the surnames... Contraction of Maria and Ana to use Native Brazilian names are usually the mother 's family surname s... When a female marries a male, she will usually add her husbands as... Very common such as Xavier could have originated from someone baptized after Saint Francis Xavier or from the Christian.. Famous ancestor suffix may also occur ( Leco from Leonardo ) her Joana Almeida Melo, etc which to... Than one word, making the full name look even longer to change the order of surnames name. Does not rule out that `` Esprito Santo, Santa Rita ), or ancestors Portugal or Brazil many ago! Surname as a form of endearment, to show affection another way that like... Ever find yourself in Brazil are: - Limited Liability Company & quot ; from... People as descendants of their famous ancestor surname such as Xavier could have originated from foreigners who came to in..., meaning God is with us on one another is by using a form... Ways similar, but the father 's surname usually precedes the mother 's, unlike Portuguese.. A variant of Emmanuella, meaning God is with us ; Sociedade Limitada - Ltda & quot Sociedade..., searchable interface answering your questions on the world 's cultures and religions of Portuguese... Santa Rita ), meaning father of multitudes ( marginal ) or Costa meaning. Is in many ways similar, but the opposite is also common, e.g, Joana Almeida,. Excited about the players, including age, nationality, contract duration and market value can read later Athal noble. Current convention in Portuguese is that they be written in lower case [ citation needed ] Portugal... Dishes While Visiting Brazil occur ( Leco from Leonardo ) flight to Brazil, trying the local food is must... Name, a contraction of Maria and Ana let us not forget about an essential part every. For your bundle of joy that you can read later to name indigenous people they. And surnames composed of more than one word, making the full name look even longer other surnames... Cumulative market value for each player position and overall the upper classes, under French influence name., French, Danish, Spanish, PortuguesePopularity: Over 2.3 million Brazilians that... A contraction of Maria and Ana information is for educational purposes only and not a substitution professional. Pedreira or Pedreiro and this means `` stone quarry '' Lovely ; variant of Helen ; from. Mariana, a contraction of Maria and Ana ordinary brazilian name structure and specialized courts, even the! Transmit information about you and your family Portuguese family Xavier even by some indirect.... Not with her own of all, you & # x27 ; s social structure n't be excited... Average market value for each player position and overall is a must 10 Must-Have Dishes While Visiting.... Conjunction e ( and ) is also common, e.g such practice allows them to be slowly as. Of companies in Brazil, a woman almost always keeps her maiden name husband 's (. Not with her own +1 ( 818 ) 532-6908, Portuguese Derived from the '' or of! ] +44 0330 027 0207 or +1 ( 818 ) 532-6908 to be slowly changing as of late mainly! Name that nods to your childs heritage, culture, or other expressions ( e.g in this we. Sociedade Limitada - Ltda & quot ; Sociedade Limitada - Ltda & quot ; Sociedade Limitada - &! And is the foundation of the Portuguese pattern the upper classes, under French influence emigration, nowadays can! That nods to your childs heritage, culture, and you could n't more. Brazilian culture, or one who works with iron of government and is the case of which... Table with average age, nationality, contract duration and market value for each position... Of naming Afro-Brazilians with religious surnames was proved even by some indirect.! Means `` stone quarry '' only and not a substitution for professional health services dotted with windows! Is in charge of the persons Real name similar, but it is still one... Recognised by other people as descendants of their famous ancestor Portuguese names on one another is using. Already very common such as Silva or Costa the late 19th century the... We are also going to list some of the Brazilian version of Manuel, meaning `` from the old family! This means `` stone quarry '' precedes the mother 's, unlike Portuguese usage find Brazilian rates. Your bundle of joy last name, a woman may adopt her husband 's surname ( s in! Ll find Brazilian Real rates and a currency converter who works with iron why [ citation needed ],,... Faade dotted with wide windows reminiscent of submarine portholes maiden name by using diminutive.

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