sudbury meteorite impact

This geologic schematic of the Sudbury structure illustrates the present day remnant of the Sudbury Meteorite Crater comprising of: Thick sheets of melted rocks line the bottom of many large meteor craters. The Sudbury Basin, which is the world's second-largest impact crater, was likely formed by an enormous comet that . (e.g., post impact friction-induced melting during the extensive and very rapid deformation and brecciation of the footwall rocks); a two component rock consisting of a fine-grained to aphanitic matrix surrounding inclusions of host-rocks and minerals; comprised of mineral and rock fragments derived predominantly from wall rocks, set within a typically dark, microcrystalline to fine grained matrix, generated by grinding and frictional melting; and. Avermann, M. E., Sudbury project (University of Munster-Ontario Geological Survey): (1) Summary of results - an updated impact model (abstract). in diameter. 2. Not Sudbury Basin. Inward collapse of the transient crater walls was accomplished along detachment surfaces, now preserved as anastomosing networks of pseudotachylite-filled faults (Sudbury Breccia) tens of km in length. Preliminary processing by industry contract produced a section that shows no significant reflection events at shallow depths (0-3 s), particulary in the southern portion of the line close to the North Range. . (Spray, Thompson 1996). Toronto: William Briggs, 1908, List of possible impact structures on Earth, Planetary and Space Science Centre University of New Brunswick Fredericton, "Discovery of the Sudbury Nickel Deposits", "On the track of the elusive Sudbury impact: geochemical evidence for a chondrite or comet bolide", "Structural characteristics of the Sudbury impact structure, Canada: Impact-induced versus orogenic deformation-A review", "A Comet Did It! Astronauts capture the first confirmed image of the structure taken from the International Space Station. The SIC was then formed by differentiation of the impact melt pool at the probable main contact point of the impactor. Chicxulub Crater, Mexico. The Sudbury Meteorite. The Sudbury Meteorite Impact and its Traces in Thunder Bay. There are many craters documented on this site. This is about six times the volume of lakes Huron and Ontario combined, and nearly 70 percent more than the melt at Chicxulub (Pope, Geo Eco Arc Research). Meteorite Impacts as Triggers to Large Igneous Provinces, Elements, Vol 1, PP. The impact of ancient meteorites sparked volcanic eruptions, a team led by Trinity College Dublin geochemists says in a report. The subsequent metamorphism in the structure is tied to tectonic activity such as collision of continents and folding and thrusting up of crustal rocks. Addison, W.D., Brumpton, G.R., Davis, D.W., Fralick, Philip W., and Kissin, S.A., 2010, Debrisites from the Sudbury impact event in Ontario, north of Lake Superior, and a new age constraint: Are they base-surge deposits or tsunami deposits? Much of Sudburys original crater, thought to have measured at least 200 kilometers (120 miles) across, has been deformed and eroded. It is easy to guess that Sudbury is located in Canada. The No. The fractional crystallisation exhibited by the felsic norites and quartz gabbro of the SIC has not been documented in melt sheets of other impact craters that are apparently of equivalent size to the Sudbury structure. The controversy over the origin of the Sudbury Structure and the Sudbury Igneous Complex was ongoing before the beginning of mining in the area. Approximately 4 km of erosion over the eons has obliterated the crater rim. Sudbury ejecta and elucidate impactor type by documenting and interpreting the sedimentology and platinum group element (PGE) chemistry of the Sudbury ejecta horizon in two drill cores from. The boundary of the Proterozoic-age (~1 billion-year-old) Grenville Geologic Province presently lies approximately 10 km to southeast of the SIC. My exploration and documentation of craters (presently only on this planet). Abstract Download From Meteorite Impact To Constellation City A Historical Geography Of Greater Sudbury full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. The more energy is released, the more damage is likely to occur on the ground due to the environmental effects triggered by the impact. [16] This magma formed into pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite and pentlandite rocks,[17][18] as well as cubanite and magnetite. Recent investigations indicate the importance of meteorite impact as a process which has operated throughout geologic time to produce numerous originally circular structures as much as 50 km in diameter. The . A biogenic origin of the carbonaceous material (soot) found in the black Whitewater Group is theoretically caused by the evaporation/condensation from the hot impact fireball and/or from a later global cloud. The rock fragments in the breccias of the Onaping Formation are from the impact target Archean and Proterozoic rocks of the Superior and Huronian Provinces of the Canadian Shield (Brunton). Small volcanic fragments of the crash remain . Meteor crater is a meteorite impact crater about 37 mi (60 km) east of flagstaff and 18 mi (29 km) west of winslow in the northern arizona desert of the united states.the site had several earlier names, and fragments of the meteorite are officially called the canyon diablo meteorite, after the adjacent caon diablo. The Large Meteorite Impacts and Planetary Evolution V meeting will be returning the series to Sudbury, Ontario, Canada, following the Meteoritical Society meeting, which is being held in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. There are many craters documented on this site. This formation occurred during a period of quiescence after the impact basin formation. It is located in Ontario, Canada. The Sudbury Basin was formed by a meteorite inelastic impact 1.8 billion years ago! The results show that the pseudotachylytes were produced in high-speed slip zones by the frictional comminution and selective melting of wall rock lithologies. ISBN 13: 9781554588374. Formations of SB are found up to 100 km north of the SIC . The Operational Land Imager (OLI) on Landsat 8 acquired this image of Sudbury Basin in southeastern Ontario on September 11, 2020. From Meteorite Impact to Constellation City: A Historical Geography of Greater Sudbury - Kindle edition by Saarinen, Oiva W.. Download it once and read it on your Kindle device, PC, phones or tablets. They represent the only distinctive and unique shock-deformation feature that develops on a megascopic scale (e.g., hand sample to outcrop scale). the Archean-age (>2.5 billion-year-old) Superior Geologic or Structural Province, situated to west and north of the structure, and; the Proterozoic-age (>1.9 billion-year-old) Southern Geologic or Structural Province Huronian Supergroup, deformed by the (1.9 billion year-old) Penokean orogeny , and situated to west, south and east of the Sudbury Structure. This event, involving a gigantic nine kilometer diameter space-invader traveling at 30 kilometers per second, slamming into the earth with an impact force equivalent to detonation of several billion tons of TNT, caused a ring of mainly blast debris and fallout material to form around the upper The SIC is this type of large melt sheet produced from crustal melting resulting from a cosmic impact. Subsequent geological processes have deformed the crater into the current smaller oval shape. The extent of SB bodies has been used to estimate the size of the Sudbury crater (e.g., Dressler et al., 1987, Grieve, 1994, Deutsch et al., 1995, Spray, 1999 ). After impact, the entire 1.85-Ga Sudbury structure was affected bynorth-west directed thrust faulting, folding and associated lower amphibolitefacies metamorphism. Scientists believe such warm mineral-rich venues could have played a role in the early development of life on Earth. This geologic schematic of the Sudbury structure illustrates the present day remnant of the Sudbury Meteorite Crater comprising of: Thick sheets of melted rocks line the bottom of many large meteor craters. the Sudbury Basin within the SIC, comprising rocks of the Whitewater Group (found only in the interior of the SIC). This formed about 31,000 cubic kilometers of impact melt. The Sudbury Igneous Complex has associated major nickel and copper ore-bodies, which are currently mined. Greater Sudbury's blue-collar image as a union powerhouse in a one-industry town is also changing; recent advances in the fields of health, education, retailing, and the local and international mining supply and services sector have greatly diversified its employment base. The Sudbury structure is interpreted as a 1.7-billion-year-old asteroid impact structure or "astrobleme" created by a erg event. [8], The full extent of the Sudbury Basin is 62km (39mi) long, 30km (19mi) wide and 15km (9.3mi) deep, although the modern ground surface is much shallower. For decades scientists have agreed that Sudbury is the site of a large meteorite impact, however, a debate over the ultimate source of the nickel ore continues today. Maddock, R.H., 1983. Canadian mining companies are actively mining this non-ferrous metal throughout the . Data for the map comes from a digital elevation model acquired by the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM). The lapilli occur in a matrix of coarse-grained quartz, carbonate, and feldspar grains. . A 100 km-long paleomagnetic traverse radial to the Sudbury Structure,Canada and its bearing on Proterozoic deformation and metamorphism of the surroundingbasement. Shock features, particularly planar deformation features, are remarkably well preserved in localized zones within the ejecta, whereas in other zones, mineral replacement, primarily carbonate, has significantly altered or destroyed ejecta features. (Richard Grieve, Natural Resources Canada in Ottawa). The granophyre probably separated from a more mafic magma at an early stage and was augmented by incorporation of the products of melting of the overlying Onaping Formation. We propose a new working model in which only the lower part of the Onaping Formation was derived by explosive melt-fuel-coolant interaction when seawater flooded onto the impact melt sheet in the basin floor. Am., special Paper 465. Muehlberger. After impact, the entire Sudbury structure was affected by north-west directed thrust faulting of three major structural provinces of the Canadian Shield. Detailed investigation of the petrology and composition of the rocks has revealed that protracted, submarine, explosive volcanic activity took place after the impact. The end of this quiet period was signaled by the abrupt appearance of the 850 metre-thick siliciclastic turbidites (sedimentary deposits settled out of muddy water carrying particles of widely varying grade size caused by turbidity currents) of the Chelmsford Formation (Rousell, 1972, 1984), which have been interpreted as a flysch apron deposited in the foredeep ahead of an advancing late Penokean mountain front (Young et al. I cant believe it. Meteorite impact-generated accretionary lapilli are not well studied. the Archean-age (>2.5 billion-year-old) Superior Geologic or Structural Province, situated to west and north of the structure, and; the Proterozoic-age (>1.9 billion-year-old) Southern Geologic or Structural Province Huronian Supergroup, deformed by the (1.9 billion year-old) Penokean orogeny , and situated to west, south and east of the Sudbury Structure. Stffler, D., Deutsch, A., Avermann, M., Bischoff, L., Brockmeyer, P., Buhl, D., Lakomy, R. and Mller-Mohr,B., The formation of the Sudbury Structure, Canada: Towards a unified impact model. The subsequent metamorphism in the structure is tied to tectonic activity such as collision of continents and folding and thrusting up of crustal rocks. Pseudotachylyte samples from the North Range of the 1850 Ma Sudbury impact structure have been analyzed by the 40Ar/39Ar laser spot fusion method. . mostly associated with the 2.5 billion year old Matachewan dykes. Field evidence indicates that most pseudotachylyte formed in large-displacement fault systems during gravitational collapse of the impact-generated transient cavity. Approximately 4 km of erosion over the eons has obliterated the crater rim. The finding suggests large impacts, such as those that took place during a short period after the Earth was formed, can be followed by intense, long-lived, and explosive volcanic eruptions. Its present size is believed to be a smaller portion of a 130km (81mi) round crater that the bolide originally created. SUDBURY Meteorite Crater ANTHRAXOLITE An Enigmatic Highly-Carbonaceous Substance from a Rare-Acquisition Locality While The Sudbury Astroblemeis well-known for its prized shattercones, impact melt-glass, and fallback, footwall and other impact breccias, a scarcer potentially more scientifically important substance is also found there. Large (km) displacements occurring on impact-induced ring faults can generate immense volumes of friction melt resulting in spectacular pseudotachylyte bodies up to 0.5 km thick and more than 10 km long. It is the result of a catastrophic asteroid impact that occurred 1.8 billion years ago. We petrographically and geochemically examined lapilli from five sites (McClure, Connors Creek, Hwy 588, Pine River, and Grand Trunk Pacific, approximately 480750km from the center of the Sudbury structure). It consists of impact melt breccia, suevite and reworked suevite from: Fall-back (collapse of the original crater) and Fall-out (impact debris) forming a 2 km post impact sediment over the SIC melt rock; and. Note the large fragment in the lower right of the image that is hydrothermally altered and surrounded by a chilled margin (a mineralized area around the fragment caused by a hydrothermal vent). Severalseismic reflection and refraction transects and potential field studies wereconducted across the Sudbury structure and provide a unique framework,when integrated with existing knowledge from mineral exploration, for 3Dsubsurface models. Over the past two decades, geologists have reached a consensus that a large meteorite impact occurred at Sudbury Ontario, 1,850 million years ago. Morphological studies of large impact structures on Mercury, Venus, Mars, and the Moon suggest that volcanism within impact craters may not be confined to the shock melting of target rocks. It was most likely caused by an asteroid roughly 10-15 km in diameter, about 1.8 . In South Africa, this method was successfullyemployed to drill and core to 6 km depth. AbeBooks.com: From Meteorite Impact to Constellation City: A Historical Geography of Greater Sudbury (9781554588374) by Saarinen, Oiva W. and a great selection of similar New, Used and Collectible Books available now at great prices. Tectonism has possibly deformed the original crater into an ellipse. [citation needed], NASA used the site to train the Apollo astronauts in recognizing rocks formed as the result of a very large impact, such as breccias. ["hyaline" means glass-like, transparent. From Meteorite Impact to Constellation City is a historical geography of the City of Greater Sudbury. With a diameter of 130 km, the Sudbury Basin in Canada is the third-largest crater in the world. These features, which include planar sets in quartz parallel to the (0001) and (1013) planes, suggest that the Onaping formation consists of shocked and melted material deposited immediately after a meteorite impact which formed the Sudbury basin. [citation needed], The large impact crater filled with magma containing nickel, copper, palladium, gold, the platinum group and other metals. Image of the Day A weak fracture halo is developed to the north, exterior to the Igneous Complex. The pulverized and melted country rock injected into the pink gneisses has similar chemistry to the derived gneisses. Plain Language Summary Sudbury Basin. Land. If these tunnels were placed end-to-end across Canada, it would almost be possible for someone to travel from coast to coast underground! The distributions of carbon and sulfur in the Sudbury structure were likely the result of an impact event. 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